International Business: The Challenge of Global Competition

Political, technological, market, cost and competitive changes have driven many businesses to expand operations globally – creating an explosion in the growth rate of international businesses. Firms operating across borders must also deal with the following forces in foreign and domestic environments:

- competitive
- distributive
- economic
- socioeconomic
- financial
- legal
- physical
- political
- sociocultural

The relationship of the forces in foreign and domestic environments forms the basis of Ball & McCulloch’s International Business model.