The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-based navigation system that was originally designed for the U.S. military. However, the number of civilian GPS users now exceeds the military users, and many commercial markets have emerged. This book identifies technical improvements that would enhance military, civilian, and commercial use of the GPS. Several technical improvements are recommended that could be made to enhance the overall system performance.  Table of ContentsFront MatterExecutive SummaryTASK 1Recommendations that Enhance GPS Performance for Civil and Commercial UsersRecommendations that Enhance GPS Performance for All Users (Civil, Commercial, and Military)Improvement Implementation StrategyTASK 3THE TASKJOINT STUDY APPROACHMAJOR ISSUES AND CONSIDERATIONSGPS PROGRAM OVERVIEWGPS TECHNICAL OVERVIEWINTRODUCTIONGPS MILITARY APPLICATIONSCurrent and Future Applications and RequirementsAccuracy and IntegrityAnti-Jam and Anti-Spoof CapabilityGPS AVIATION APPLICATIONSCurrent and Future Applications and RequirementsResistance to Radio Frequency InterferenceOperational ProceduresMARITIME USE OF GPSCurrent and Future Applications and RequirementsAssociated TechnologiesSelective AvailabilityFindingsCurrent and Future Applications and RequirementsAccuracy Versus Other RequirementsFindingsCurrent and Future Applications and RequirementsChallenges to Full GPS UtilizationGPS EARTH SCIENCE APPLICATIONSOceanographyAirborne GeophysicsAccuracy RequirementsOceanographyFindingsCurrent and Future Applications and RequirementsTime SynchronizationSPACECRAFT USES OF GPSOrbit DeterminationLaunch and Re-entry Vehicle GuidanceSignal VisibilitySUMMARYINTRODUCTIONAccuracySELECTIVE AVAILABILITY AND ANTI-SPOOFINGSelective AvailabilityMilitary Utility of SAImpact of SA on GPS User Equipment Manufacturers and U.S. CompetitivenessImpact of SA on Civil UsersFindings and RecommendationsImpact of A-S on Military UsersFindings and RecommendationsSIGNAL STRUCTURE MODIFICATIONS TO REDUCE ATMOSPHERIC DELAY ERRORGuidelines and Technical ConsiderationsNew Signal Structure OptionsOption 2: Narrow-Band L4 SignalIncreased AccuracyReduction of Receiver Noise and Multipath ErrorsFindings and RecommendationsRecommended Upgrades to the Operational Control SegmentAccuracy ImprovementsOverall System ImprovementsPlanned Block IIR OperationAccuracy Improvements by Incorporating Satellite Ranging Data into Ground SolutionGround-Based Integrity ImprovementsRapid, Direct Y-Code AcquisitionInertial Aiding ImprovementsSignal Processing ImprovementsImproved L2 Ionospheric CorrectionPossible Interim Operational ProceduresIMPROVEMENT IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGYUse of a 24-Satellite Ensemble ClockReduced Satellite Clock Errors Through Use of Improved ClocksSatellite-Based Integrity MonitoringCross-Correlation Type Y-Codeless ReceiversY-Code Tracking PPS ReceiversWide-Band Signals at High FrequencySpot BeamsGPS Transmit Antenna CalibrationImproved L1 Signal Reception at Angles Below the Earth's HorizonAppendix B Abbreviated Committee BiographiesORIGINS AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE NAVSTAR GPS PROGRAMDepartment of DefenseDepartment of TransportationThe Federal Radionavigation PlanGPS TECHNICAL OVERVIEWSpace SegmentOperational Control SegmentUser EquipmentGPS Signal Characteristics and Operational ConceptsSelective Availability and Other Positioning ErrorsAtmospheric ErrorReceiver ErrorsAvailabilityResistance to RF InterferenceDifferential GPSCarrier Phase (Interferometric) GPSReceiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM)Combined Use of GPS and GLONASSGPS and Loran-CPERMANENT DIFFERENTIAL GPS AUGMENTATIONSFAA Wide-Area and Local-Area DGPS ConceptsNOAA Continuously Operated Reference StationsMaritime DGPS ServicesInmarsatRacal SurveyACCQPOINTDifferential Corrections Inc.Appendix D Accuracy Definitions And Mathematical RelationshipsAppendix E Report From Mr. Michael Dyment, Booz Allen &amp; HamiltonAppendix F Report From Dr. Young Lee, The MITRE CorporationEFFECT OF ELIMINATING SELECTIVE AVAILABILITY (SA): IMPACT ON RAIMAppendix G Increased Bandwidth Performance AnalysisAppendix H Signal Structure OptionsOPTION 6OPTION 9Appendix I Report From Mr. Melvin Barmat, Jansky/Barmat Telecommunications, Inc.Appendix J Selective Denial of Civilian GPS Signals by the MilitaryOLD TECHNOLOGY (100,000 GATE ASIC)DISCUSSIONAppendix L Enhanced Signal Structures for the MilitarySCENARIO 1: UNAIDED Y-CODE BANDWIDTH SIGNAL WITH A STANDARD ANTENNASCENARIO 5: AIDED WIDE BANDWIDTH STANDARD ANTENNASCENARIO 7: AIDED WIDE BANDWIDTH WITH NULLING AND BEAM-FORMING ANTENNAAnalysisAnalysis

The Global Positioning System: A Shared National Asset (Romantic Reassessment; 118)

Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board

Staff, National Research Council

Business & Money

National Academies Press

High School Mathematics at Work: Essays and Examples for the Education of All Students

Traditionally, vocational mathematics and precollege mathematics have been separate in schools. But the technological world in which today's students will work and live calls for increasing connection between mathematics and its applications. Workplace-based mathematics may be good mathematics for everyone. High School Mathematics at Work illuminates the interplay between technical and academic mathematics. This collection of thought-provoking essays--by mathematicians, educators, and other experts--is enhanced with illustrative tasks from workplace and everyday contexts that suggest ways to strengthen high school mathematical education. This important book addresses how to make mathematical education of all students meaningful--how to meet the practical needs of students entering the work force after high school as well as the needs of students going on to postsecondary education. The short readable essays frame basic issues, provide background, and suggest alternatives to the traditional separation between technical and academic mathematics. They are accompanied by intriguing multipart problems that illustrate how deep mathematics functions in everyday settings--from analysis of ambulance response times to energy utilization, from buying a used car to "rounding off" to simplify problems. The book addresses the role of standards in mathematics education, discussing issues such as finding common ground between science and mathematics education standards, improving the articulation from school to work, and comparing SAT results across settings. Experts discuss how to develop curricula so that students learn to solve problems they are likely to encounter in life--while also providing them with approaches to unfamiliar problems. The book also addresses how teachers can help prepare students for postsecondary education. For teacher education the book explores the changing nature of pedagogy and new approaches to teacher development. What kind of teaching will allow mathematics to be a guide rather than a gatekeeper to many career paths? Essays discuss pedagogical implication in problem-centered teaching, the role of complex mathematical tasks in teacher education, and the idea of making open-ended tasks--and the student work they elicit--central to professional discourse. High School Mathematics at Work presents thoughtful views from experts. It identifies rich possibilities for teaching mathematics and preparing students for the technological challenges of the future. This book will inform and inspire teachers, teacher educators, curriculum developers, and others involved in improving mathematics education and the capabilities of tomorrow's work force. Table of Contents <ul>
<li>Front Matter</li>
<li>Introduction</li>
<li>Part One: Connecting Mathematics with Work and Life</li>
<li>Part Two</li>
<li>Part Three: Curricular Considerations</li>
<li>Part Four: Implications for Teaching and Teacher Education</li>
<li>Part Five: Epilogue</li>
<li>Appendix A</li>
<li>Appendix B</li>
<li>Index</li>
</ul>

Science & Math

Mathematical Sciences Education Board

Mathematics

Network-Centric Naval Forces: A Transition Strategy for Enhancing Operational Capabilities is a study to advise the Department of the Navy regarding its transition strategy to achieve a network-centric naval force through technology application. This report discusses the technical underpinnings needed for a transition to networkcentric forces and capabilities. Table of Contents <ul>
<li>Front Matter</li>
<li>Executive Summary</li>
<li>1 Overview of Study Results</li>
<li>2 Network-Centric Operations -- Promise and Challenges</li>
<li>3 Integrating Naval Force Elements for Network-Centric Operations -- A Mission-Specific Study</li>
<li>4 Designing a Common Command and Information Infrastructure</li>
<li>5 Information Assurance -- Securing the Naval Command and Information Infrastructure</li>
<li>6 Realizing Naval Command and Information Infrastructure Capabilities</li>
<li>7 Adjusting Department of the Navy Organization and Management to Achieve Network-Centric Capabilities</li>
<li>Appendix A Admiral Johnson's Letter of Request</li>
<li>Appendix B Current Sensor Capabilities and Future Potential</li>
<li>Appendix C System Requirements to Hit Moving Targets</li>
<li>Appendix D Weapons</li>
<li>Appendix E Tactical Information Networks</li>
<li>Appendix F The Organizational View of the Recommended Operations Information and Space Command</li>
<li>Appendix G Committee Biographies</li>
<li>Appendix H Acronyms and Abbreviations</li>
</ul>

Network Centric Naval Forces: A Transition Strategy for Enhancing Operational Capabilities

National Research Council (U.S.)

Astronomy & Space Science

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