  Center of Military History Publication 72 19.Discusses the military campaign in Anzio and Nettuno, Italy from January 22 to May 24, 1944. Illustrated with black and white photographs, color maps, and the reproduction of a painting. Includes suggestions for further reading

Anzio (U.S. Army Campaigns of World War II)

History

Laurie, Clayton D.

Military

Dept. of the Army

Legendary "Wild Bill" Donovan, CIA directors Allen Dulles and William Casey, journalists Stewart Alsop and James Reston, diplomat John McCloy, philanthropist Paul Mellon, playwright Robert Sherwood, theatrical great John Houseman, and civil rights leader Ralph Bunche were among the thousands of people who led or participated in America's massive propaganda campaign against Nazi Germany. In The Propaganda Warriors Clayton Laurie fully unveils for the first time this unprecedented, ambitious, and embattled wartime enterprise. Laurie details the creation, evolution, and field operations of the overseas branch of the Office of War Information (OWI); the Morale Operations Branch of the Office of Strategic Services (OSS); and the Army-dominated Psychological Warfare units (PWB and PWD) serving the Allied forces in Europe. These agencies, Laurie shows, were as much at war with each other as with the Third Reich, largely due to FDR's failure to establish an official propaganda policy or to enunciate precise war and postwar aims. Within this vacuum, each agency eagerly developed its own distinct form of propaganda. The propagandists at OWI and OSS (forerunner of the CIA) were especially at odds with each other. The OSS was led by Machiavellian "realists," conservatives, and Republicans who wanted American values to dominate the international order and believed that any means—including the Nazi's own subversive "black" propaganda—justified that end. By contrast, the OWI was led by liberals, New Dealers, and those in the media and arts who adhered to Wilsonian ideals and believed that the truth about America, as they perceived it, would win out through the sheer power of its message. They detested the Nazi regime every bit as much as their OSS counterparts but refused to emulate Nazi tactics. Despite these conflicts, American propaganda did accelerate the drive toward victory, thanks to the emergence of the PWB and PWD, which after 1943 controlled the production of American propaganda against Germany, bending ideological agendas to serve the military's purely tactical objectives. But, as Laurie makes clear, all three agencies played a vital role in this crucial effort, even as their conflicts foreshadowed future ideological disputes during the Cold War.

The Propaganda Warriors: America's Crusade Against Nazi Germany

Americas

University Press of Kansas

World War II was a war of production as well as of battles, campaigns, and strategies. As the United States Army faced its greatest challenge abroad in the form of the Axis military threat, soldiers and civilians on the American home front met an equally serious challenge: keeping the fighting men and the Allies supplied with the weapons, munitions, and other materiel needed to achieve victory. When vital war production was threatened by some of the most serious labor-management disputes in American history, the War Department intervened quickly and decisively, taking physical control of the affected industrial facilities and operating them under federal authority.  Although the length and depth of that control varied with the severity of the dispute, the nature of the enterprise, and the importance of the industry to the war effort, the federal government was at least able to continue production without resorting, as in the past, to the use of armed force. This, then, is the story of a small group of individuals in the War Department who were charged with the mission of guaranteeing that private companies provided the military goods that had been promised. Initially prepared by the individual most closely involved with this effort, John H. Ohly, this history shows how combined military and civilian teams, well-schooled in law and in modern business management, financial, and arbitration practices, settled repeated disputes without significant delays in production or, when necessary, operated war plants in the name of the federal government, peacefully and efficiently.   The development and implementation of procedures for the temporary but direct military supervision of private industries during World War II represented an innovation in the ever-growing role of the U.S. Army and the federal government in the production of war materiel. Although the work of Ohly and his compatriots was part of an expanding partnership of government and private industry, their experiences were in many ways unique. Grappling with difficult civil-military problems during a period of great national stress, they devised highly creative solutions B ones that still speak to us today and ones that will provide guidance in the future. For soldiers and civilians currently in the field of procurement, the following story thus has many lessons, not the least being the resolution of conflicting interests between the needs of the state and those of the private sector within the framework of our constitutional democracy.

Industrialists in Olive Drab: The Emergency Operation of Private Industries During World War II

Ohly, John H.

Univ Pr of the Pacific

A series of 40 illustrated brochures that describe the campaigns in which U.S. Army troops participated during the war. Each brochure describes the strategic setting, traces the operations of the major American units involved, and analyzes the impact of the campaign on future operations. CMH Pubs 72-1 through 72-40.

Campaigns of World War II: Rome-Arno

Politics & Social Sciences

Politics & Government

BiblioGov

World War II was the largest and most violent armed conflict in the history of mankind. However, the half century that now separates us from that conflict has exacted its toll on our collective knowledge. While World War II continues to absorb the interest of military scholars and historians, as well as its veterans, a generation of Americans has grown to maturity largely unaware of the political, social, and military implications of a war that, more than any other, united us as a people with a common purpose. Highly relevant today, World War II has much to teach us, not only about the profession of arms, but also about military preparedness, global strategy, and combined operations in the coalition war against fascism. During the next several years, the U.S. Army will participate in the nation's 50th anniversary commemoration of World War II. The commemoration will include the publication of various materials to help educate Americans about that war. The works produced will provide great opportunities to learn about and renew pride in an Army that fought so magnificently in what has been called "the mighty endeavor." World War II was waged on land, on sea, and in the air over several diverse theaters of operation for approximately six years. The following essay is one of a series of campaign studies highlighting those struggles that, with their accompanying suggestions for further reading, are designed to introduce you to one of the Army's significant military feats from that war.

Anzio: The U.S. Army Campaigns of World War II

CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform

Rome-Arno: The U.S. Army Campaigns of World War II

Though the turmoil of the cold war focused the Army on the challenges of conventional and nuclear conflict, the Army has a rich legacy of conducting domestic support operations. These have included activities from disaster relief to managing Indian reservations, military government in the post-Civil War South to supporting domestic law enforcement. This study focuses on the use of federal troops in domestic disorders from 1877 through 1945. These operations are not only an important part of our Army's past, but they portend lessons for the future. As the U.S. Army enters its third century of service to the nation, it faces an era in which it will undoubtedly be called on again to con duct domestic support operations at home and stability and peace operations overseas. This work, the second of three volumes on the history of Army domestic support operations, encompasses a tumultuous era, the rise of industrial America with attendant social dislocation and strife. It begins with the first major U.S. Army intervention in a labor dispute, the Great Railway Strike of 1877, and concludes with War Department seizures of strike-plagued industries during World War II. The evolution of the Army's role in domes tic support operations, its strict adherence to law, and the disciplined manner in which it conducted these difficult and often unpopular operations are major themes of this volume. Throughout these troubled times presidents came to rely on the U.S. Army to provide units for civil disturbance duty. The national leadership began to tap the Army for units as a first, not last, resort. Army units not only enforced federal authority, but also aided local and state officials in maintaining law and order, protecting lives and property, and preserving social and political stability. The Army responded promptly and decisively to unrest, exercising disciplined responses that quelled disorders within legal boundaries. Army forces employed effective nonlethal tactics, techniques, and procedures during a time when the nation was buffeted by the greatest number of labor and race-related disturbances in its history, and local authorities often demonstrated far less forbearance. Though this is a study of the U.S. Army's experience at a specific time in U.S. history, the issues it addresses offer broader perspectives. Similar challenges may be faced by active and reserve Army units both in the United States and overseas. In particular, U.S. forces may be called on to participate in peace operations, especially in countries con fronting social unrest resulting from ethnic tensions and rapidly changing economies. Lessons gleaned from this chapter in our Army's past include the value of highly disciplined soldiers, careful operational and logistical planning, flexibility, and initiative at the lowest levels of command. These hallmarks of a trained and ready force apply not only to domestic support, but also to the full range of military operations the United States may face in the twenty-first century.

The Role of Federal Military Forces in Domestic Disorders, 1877-1945 (Army Historical Series)

Cole, Ronald H.

This anthology was prepared as a contribution to Department of Defense-led interagency efforts to commemorate the passing of 50 years since the large-scale engagement of the military forces of the United States and other countries in defending the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam) against communist guerrilla, mainforce, and North Vietnamese Army units. For CIA, and many members of the US military, engagement in South Vietnam began well before what is marked as the beginning of the 50th anniversary commemoration, 1965. As the 41 articles selected by CIA historian Clayton Laurie for this anthology will show, Southeast Asia was the focus of CIA activity as long ago as the early 1950s, when it was directed to provide support to French efforts to maintain control of its colony of Indochina.

CIA and the Wars in Southeast Asia, 1974-75

Center for the Study of Intelligence

Asia

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