Goya once wrote that painting on a small scale allowed him to give free rein to his fantasy and invention. Intensely expressive and personal, his small paintings at times depict popular subjects - bullfights, open air pantomime and theatrical comedy and at other times reflect the darker side of the eighteenth century imagination, the uncertainty and violence of the era, or the private anxieties of the artist and his society. This book surveys the small scale works painted by Goya throughout his career. It includes all the surviving sketches for his tapestry cartoons enchanting decorative works still in an eighteenth century idiom, yet also the first paintings in which Goya began to explore a genuinely Spanish vein of realism. Sketches for his major altarpieces, dating from the 1770s to 1820, provide evidence of his ability to work out large-scale compositions on a miniature scale. The little cabinet pictures of 1793-4, painted during convalescence after a near fatal illness, illustrates scenes of fire and shipwreck, brigands, lunatics, bullfights and fairgrounds, and they contain the kernel of the artistic language that he was to develop throughout the rest of his career. The book also discusses and reproduces Goya's tragicomic paintings of witchcraft, the more sombre scenes of violence and resistance, painted as Spain came under Napoleon's domination, his celebrated small portraits and the miniature lowlife scenes he painted while he was in exile in France at the end of his life. This beautiful book accompanies a major exhibition of Goya's small scale paintings held at the Prado in Madrid in November 1993, the Royal Academy of Arts in London and the Art Institute of Chicago in 1994.

Goya: Truth and Fantasy: The Small Paintings

Arts & Photography

Manuela B. Mena Marqués

Juliet Wilson-Bareau

Individual Artists

Yale University Press

On June 19, 1864, the United States warship Kearsarge sank the Confederate raider Alabama off the coast of Cherbourg, France, in one of the most celebrated naval engagements of the American Civil War. When Kearsarge later anchored off the French resort town of Boulogne-sur-Mer it was thronged by curious visitors, one of whom was the artist Edouard Manet. Although he did not witness the historic battle, Manet made a painting of it partly as an attempt to regain the respect of his colleagues after having been ridiculed for his works in the 1864 Salon. Manet's picture of the naval engagement and his portrait of the victorious Kearsarge belong to a group of his seascapes of Boulogne whose unorthodox perspective and composition would profoundly influence the course of French painting. Manet's paintings and watercolors related to the battle are considered in depth alongside numerous prints, photographs, letters, and archival newspaper illustrations that illuminate the history of the episode and in some cases dispel lingering misconceptions. Manet's other Boulogne seascapes are also discussed in terms of their complex chronology and evolution. A final chapter touches on some of the sources for the seascapes - from Old Master paintings to Japanese woodblock prints - and traces the influence of the seascapes on such artists as Gustave Courbet, James Abbott McNeill Whistler, and Claude Monet.

Manet and the American Civil War: The Battle of U.S.S Kearsarge and C.S.S. Alabama

David Degner

History & Criticism

Metropolitan Museum of Art

The first book to highlight the French painter's long-standing love affair with the ocean celebrates his fascination in words and images, highlighting the paintings that reflect his knowledge of, and passion for, all things maritime and oceanic. (Fine Arts)

Manet and the Sea

David Degener

Painting

Wilson-Bareau. Julie n Degener, David

Philadelphia Museum of Art

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Books by Juliet Wilson-Bareau