Beyond malpractice: Compensation for medical injuries : a policy analysis (Publication IOM ; 78-01)

INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE

National Academy of Sciences

Marijuana and Health

Health, Fitness & Dieting

Addiction & Recovery

Natl Academy Pr

Toxic shock syndrome: Assessment of current information and future research needs : report of a study (Publication IOM)

National, Research Council

National Academy Press

The military, political, and economic preeminence of the United States during the post-World War II era is based to a substantial degree on its superior rate of achievement in science and technology, as well as on its capacity to translate these achievements into products and processes that contribute to economic prosperity and the national defense. The success of the U.S. scientific enterprise has been facilitated by many factors, important among them the opportunity for American scientists and engineers to pursue their research-and to communicate with each other-in a free and open environment.  During the last two administrations, however, concern has arisen that the characteristically open U.S. scientific community has served as one of the channels through which critical information and know-how are flowing to the Soviet Union and to other potential adversary countries; openness in science is thus perceived to present short-term national security risks in addition to its longer-term national security benefits in improved U.S. military technology.  The Panel on Scientific Communication and National Security was asked to examine the various aspects of the application of controls to scientific communication and to suggest how to balance competing national objectives so as to best serve the general welfare. The Panel held three two-day meetings in Washington at which it was briefed by representatives of the departments of Defense, State, and Commerce, and by representatives of the intelligence community, including the Central Intelligence Agency, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the Defense Intelligence Agency, and the National Security Agency. The Panel also heard presentations by members of the research community and by university representatives. In addition to these briefings, the Rand Corporation prepared an independent analysis of the transfer of sensitive technology from the United States to the Soviet Union. To determine the views of scientists and administrators at major research universities, the Panel asked a group of faculty members and administrative officials at Cornell University to prepare a paper incorporating their own views and those of counterparts at other universities.  The main thrust of the Panel's findings is completely reflected in this document. However, the Panel has also produced a classified version of the subpanel report based on the secret intelligence information it was given; this statement is available at the Academy to those with the appropriate security clearance.

Scientific Communication and National Security

Business & Money

Policy and Global Affairs

National Academy of Engineering

National Academy Of Sciences

Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy

Panel on Scientific Communication and National Security

Economics

National Academies Press

The Institute of Medicine (IOM) of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) collaborated in this study with the Board on Maternal, Child, and Family Health Research of the Commission on Life Sciences of the National Research Council (NRC) to determine methodologies needed to evaluate current childbirth settings in the United States. Although the proportion of non-hospital births runs as high as 4.4 percent annually in Oregon, insufficient data exist to permit complete evaluation of the various birth settings. The application of good research methods should lead to scientific findings that provide the basis for informed, rational decision making about alternative settings for childbirth. A committee of 11 experts was appointed to review current knowledge, provide background knowledge, and identify the kinds of research designs useful for assessing such matters as the safety, quality of maternity care, costs, psychological factors, and family satisfaction of different birth settings. The committee was also charged with preparing a report that could be used to solicit, evaluate, and fund proposals for studies on childbirth settings. The committee did not design specific studies to be carried out, but rather attempted to point out issues that should be considered by researchers because it believed that the best proposals would arise from investigator-initiated research. Gaps in research could be filled by requests for proposals developed by agency staff and the agency peer review committee. In addition, IOM staff members and several consultants provided background papers for the committee's consideration. The research that results from this report will be useful to policymakers and to consumers searching for information to aid in making decisions about birth settings. Research Issues in the Assessment of Birth Settings summarizes the study. Table of Contents <ul>
<li>Front Matter</li>
<li>Introduction</li>
<li>Summary and Recommendations</li>
<li>1: Basic Concepts and Descriptive Data</li>
<li>2: Research Strategies for Assessing Childbirth Settings</li>
<li>3: Risk Assessment</li>
<li>4: Variables</li>
<li>Appendix A: Review of the Safety of Maternity Care in Different Birth Locations</li>
<li>Appendix B : Research Issues Concerning Reimbursement for Childbirth Services</li>
<li>Appendix C: Freestanding Birth Centers</li>
<li>Appendix D: Research on Childbirth Settings: The Assessment of Psychological Variables</li>
<li>Appendix E: Review of Obstetrical Risk Assessment Methods</li>
<li>Appendix F: Vital Statistics and Nonhospital Births: A Mortality Study of Infants Born Out of Hospitals in Oregon Between 1975 and 1979</li>
</ul>

Research Issues in the Assessment of Birth Settings: Report of a Study

Medical Books

Commission on Life Sciences

Division of Health Sciences Policy

Committee on Assessing Alternative Birth Settings

Administration & Medicine Economics

Table of Contents <ul>
<li>Front Matter</li>
<li>Overview and Summary</li>
<li>Community Oriented Primary Care: Lessons Learned in Three Decades</li>
<li>Part I: Theoretical Issues</li>
<li>Community Oriented Primary Care: Meaning and Scope</li>
<li>The Meaning of Community Oriented Primary Care in the American Context</li>
<li>Community Oriented Primary Care: An International Perspective</li>
<li>Opportunities and Constraints for Community Oriented Primary Care</li>
<li>Health Worker Roles in Community Oriented Primary Care</li>
<li>Medical Education and Training for Community Oriented Primary Care</li>
<li>Thoughts on Community Oriented Primary Care</li>
<li>Part II: Practical Applications</li>
<li>Promoting COPC Through a Rural Health Care Network: Marshfield Clinic</li>
<li>COPC in the Texas Valley</li>
<li>Elements of COPC in the UMWA Health and Retirement Funds Program</li>
<li>COPC and a State Health Department: West Virginia's Experience</li>
<li>Columbia University-Harlem Hospital Primary Care Network</li>
<li>COPC in a Hospital-Affiliated Health Center</li>
<li>Denver Health and Hospitals Experience</li>
<li>Partnership for Health: The Family Nurse Practitioner/Family Physician Team</li>
<li>The Patient Advisory Council Concept</li>
<li>The Application of COPC in a Welsh Mining Village</li>
<li>Training for COPC in the Netherlands and Around the World</li>
<li>Can Area Health Education Centers Promote COPC? The Colorado Experience</li>
<li>Departments of Family Practice as Vehicles for Promoting COPC</li>
<li>New Mexico's Primary Care Curriculum</li>
<li>The Beersheva Experience in COPC</li>
<li>The Upper Peninsula Medical Education Program</li>
<li>Part III: Workshop Discussion Summaries</li>
<li>Workshop A</li>
<li>Workshop B</li>
<li>Workshop C</li>
<li>Workshop D</li>
<li>Workshop E</li>
<li>Participants</li>
</ul>

Community Oriented Primary Care: New Directions for Health Services Delivery

Division of Health Care Services

This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1983-04 edition. Excerpt: ...compensated by hospitals are more often found in teaching hospitals than in nonteaching hospitals.20 They also are more common in for-profit hospitals than in voluntary hospitals.21 Systematic longitudinal data are not available, but a general reading of the literature and conversations with hospital administrators and medical staffs suggest that physician involvement in governing board activities, participation in committees, and hospital-based compensation arrangements is growing. For example, over the past five years a number of hospitals have added cost containment committees, medical equipment purchase committees, and strategic long-range planning committees, all with physician participation. Thus, there appears to be a growing trend toward the shared authority model of decision making described earlier or at least deliberate attempts to blur the clear demarcation suggested by the dual authority model. Some of the effects of these changes on the cost and quality of patient care are examined below. Hospital/Physician Decision Making and the Cost and Quality of Care The issue of hospital/physician decision making is important primarily as it affects the delivery of patient care services. The relevant question is whether certain patterns of decision making are associated with improvements in the cost-effectiveness of the care delivered. Present research does not provide a clear-cut answer in terms of cause and effect, but the majority of the existing evidence suggests consistent associations between greater physician involvement in hospital decision making and lower costs. Existing research also suggests consistent associations between greater physician participation and higher quality of care. There is little evidence that costs can be...

The New Health Care for Profit: Doctors and Hospitals in a Competitive Environment

Politics & Social Sciences

Social Sciences

"The book is well organized, well detailed, and well referenced; it is an invaluable sourcebook for researchers and clinicians working in the area of bereavement. For those with limited knowledge about bereavement, this volume provides an excellent introduction to the field and should be of use to students as well as to professionals," states Contemporary Psychology. The Lancet comments that this book "makes good and compelling reading. . . . It was mandated to address three questions: what is known about the health consequences of bereavement; what further research would be important and promising; and whether there are preventive interventions that should either be widely adopted or further tested to evaluate their efficacy. The writers have fulfilled this mandate well." Table of Contents <ul>
<li>Front Matter</li>
<li>Front Matter</li>
<li>Front Matter</li>
<li>Front Matter</li>
<li>1 Introduction</li>
<li>Introduction</li>
<li>Introduction</li>
<li>Introduction</li>
<li>Part I. Bereavement: Reactions and Consequences</li>
<li>Epidemiologic Perspectives on the Health Consequences of Bereavement</li>
<li>Epidemiologic Perspectives on the Health Consequences of Bereavement</li>
<li>Epidemiologic Perspectives on the Health Consequences of Bereavement</li>
<li>2 Epidemiologic Perspectives on the Health Consequences of Bereavement</li>
<li>Adults' Reactions to Bereavement</li>
<li>Adults Reactions to Bereavement</li>
<li>Adults Reactions to Bereavement</li>
<li>3 Adults</li>
<li>Reactions to Particular Types of Bereavement</li>
<li>Reactions to Particular Types of Bereavement</li>
<li>Reactions to Particular Types of Bereavement</li>
<li>4 Reactions to Particular Types of Bereavement</li>
<li>Bereavement During Childhood and Adolescence</li>
<li>Bereavement During Childhood and Adolescence</li>
<li>Bereavement During Childhood and Adolescence</li>
<li>5 Bereavement During Childhood and Adolescence</li>
<li>Toward a Biology of Grieving</li>
<li>Toward a Biology of Grieving</li>
<li>Toward a Biology of Grieving</li>
<li>Part II. Perspectives on Bereavement</li>
<li>Monkeys' Responses to Separation and Loss</li>
<li>Monkeys Responses to Separation and Loss</li>
<li>Monkeys Responses to Separation and Loss</li>
<li>6 Toward a Biology of Grieving</li>
<li>Sociocultural Influences</li>
<li>Sociocultural Influences</li>
<li>Sociocultural Influences</li>
<li>7 Monkeys</li>
<li>Roles of Health Professionals and Institutions</li>
<li>Roles of Health Professionals and Institutions</li>
<li>Roles of Health Professionals and Institutions</li>
<li>8 Sociocultural Influences</li>
<li>Bereavement Intervention Programs</li>
<li>Bereavement Intervention Programs</li>
<li>Bereavement Intervention Programs</li>
<li>Part III. Assisting the Bereaved</li>
<li>Conclusions and Recommendations</li>
<li>Conclusions and Recommendations</li>
<li>Conclusions and Recommendations</li>
<li>9 Roles of Health Professionals and Institutions</li>
<li>Subject Index</li>
<li>Subject Index</li>
<li>Subject Index</li>
<li>10 Bereavement Intervention Programs</li>
<li>11 Conclusions and Recommendations</li>
<li>Index</li>
</ul>

Bereavement: Reactions, Consequences, and Care

Committee for the Study of Health Consequences of the Stress of Bereavement

Parenting & Relationships

The safety and quality of the U.S. food supply depend on a total program of careful microbiological control. Microbiological criteria, which establish acceptable levels of microorganisms in foods and food ingredients, are an essential part of such a program. Says ASM News, "This book provides not only an informed and objective evaluation of microbiological criteria for a wide variety of foods and specific pathogens and the committee's recommendations regarding those criteria, but it also provides an excellent reference book on the applied microbiological aspects of food quality assurance." Table of ContentsFront MatterExecutive SummaryRecommendations1 Introduction2 Definitions, Purposes, and Needs for Microbiological Criteria3 Selection of Foods for Criteria Related to Safety4 Selection of Pathogens as Components of Microbiological Criteria5 Selection of Indicator Organisms and Agents as Components of Microbiological Criteria6 Consideration of Sampling Associated With a Criterion7 Consideration of Decision (Action) to be Taken When a Criterion (Limit) is Exceeded8 Current Status of Microbiological Criteria and Legislative Bases9 Application of Microbiological Criteria to Foods and Food Ingredients10 Expansion of the HACCP System in Food Protection Programs11 Plans of Action for Implementation of the HACCP System and of Microbiological Criteria for Foods and Food IngredientsAppendixesA Summary Responses to Specific Contract ItemsB General Principles for the Establishment and Application of Microbiological Criteria for FoodsC International Microbiological SpecificationsD Excerpts from the Regulations Pursuant to the Food and Drugs Act, a Statute of the Government of CanadaE Microbiological Criteria for Foods Purchased by the MilitaryF Raw Milk--An EditorialG Report of the WHO/ICMSF Meeting on Hazard Analysis: Critical Control Point System in Food HygieneIndex

An Evaluation of the Role of Microbiological Criteria for Foods and Food Ingredients

Committee on Food Protection

Subcommittee on Microbiological Criteria

Preventing Low Birthweight

Despite recent declines in infant mortality, the rates of low birthweight deliveries in the United States continue to be high. Part I of this volume defines the significance of the problems, presents current data on risk factors and etiology, and reviews recent state and national trends in the incidence of low birthweight among various groups. Part II describes the preventive approaches found most desirable and considers their costs. Research needs are discussed throughout the volume.

Division of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention

Committee to Study the Prevention of Low Birthweight

Medicine

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