<p>This textbook of vascular sonography combines a manual textbook and an atlas with illustrated cases demonstrating the application of vascular ultrasonography in different parts of the human body: arteries and veins of the cerebral circulation; the peripheral upper and lower limb circulation; and abdominal and urological regions. Chapters of the different vascular regions are similarly structured considering anatomy and physiology, normal and abnormal findings, discussion of test accuracy in terms of specificity and sensitivity, pitfalls and comparison with other test procedures. Structural (B-mode) and functional (Doppler-mode) studies are addressed as are application areas of echocontrast media, three- and four-dimensional imaging and volume measurements, and monitoring of dynamic changes of various cardio- and neurovascular conditions, for example: cerebral autoregulation; cardiac beat-to-beat variation, hyper-, hypo- and normocapnia; and "microemboli" detection - facts and artifacts. Special cases and findings that are difficult to interpret are summarized in case histories at the end of each chapter.</p>

Vascular diagnosis with ultrasound: Clinical references with case studies

Hennerici, M

Medical Books

Thieme

<p>Despite a worldwide reduction in its incidence, stroke remains one of the most common diseases generally and the most important cause of premature and persistent disability in the industrialized countries. The most frequent cause of stroke is a localized disturbance of cerebral circulation, i.e., cerebral ischemia. Less common are spon taneous intracerebral and subarachnoid hemorrhages and sinus ve nous thromboses. The introduction of new diagnostic procedures such as cranial computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, digi tal subtraction radiologic techniques, and various ultrasound tech niques has led to impressive advances in the diagnosis of stroke. Through the planned application of these techniques, it is even possible to identify the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying focal cerebral ischemia in humans. However, these diagnostic advances have made the gap between diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic implications even greater than before. This fact can be easily explained. In the past, therapeutic studies had to be based on the symptoms and temporal aspects of stroke; it was impossible for early investigations to consider the various pathogeneses of cerebral ischemia. Inevitably, stroke patients were treated as suffering from a uniform disease.</p>

Cerebral Ischemia

HACKE, W.

Gelmers, H.J.

Health, Fitness & Dieting

Springer, Verlag

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