<p>The Internet has become a staple of modern civilized life, now as vital a utility as electricity. But despite its growing influence, the Internet isn't as stable as it might seem; rather, it can be best thought of as a network of networks reliant on developing technical and social measures to<br /> function, including hardware, software, standards, and protocols. As millions of new internet users sign on each year, governing bodies need to balance evolving social ideas surrounding internet use against shifting political pressures on internet governance--or risk disconnection.<br /> <br /> Four Internets offers a revelatory new approach for conceptualizing the Internet and understanding the sometimes rival values that drive its governance and stability. Four Internets contends that the apparently monolithic "Internet" is in fact maintained by four distinct value systems--the Silicon<br /> Valley Open Internet, the Brussels Bourgeois Internet, the DC Commercial Internet, and the Beijing Paternal Internet--competing to determine the future directions of internet affordances for freedom, innovation, security, and human rights. Starting with an analysis of the original vision of an "Open<br /> Internet," the book outlines challenges facing this vision and the subsequent rise of other internets popularized through political and monetary machinations. It then unravels how tensions between these internets play out across politics, economics, and technology, and offers perspectives on<br /> potential new internets that might arise from emerging technologies like artificial intelligence and smart cities. The book closes with an evaluation of whether all these models can continue to co-exist--and what might happen if any fall away.<br /> <br /> Visionary and accessible, Four Internets lends readers the confidence to believe in a diverse yet resilient Internet through a deeper understanding of this everyday commodity.<br /></p>

Four Internets: Data, Geopolitics, and the Governance of Cyberspace

Business & Money

Hall, Wendy

O'Hara, Kieron

Economics

Oxford University Press

<p>Provides readers with a powerful tool to ensure success when entering into a strategic alliance on both national and international scales. Extensive case studies illustrate the advantages and pitfalls involved in alliances. Contains guidelines which enable companies to assess if an alliance is right for their business and what criteria to use when selecting a partner.</p>

Managing Cultures: Making Strategic Relationships Work

wiley

<p>Hypermedia &amp; the Web An Engineering Approach David Lowe, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia Wendy Hall, University of Southampton, UK The rich online world offered through the Web is marred by the chaos which underlies it. At the very early stages of understanding how to harness the power of this new medium, electronic document creators, managers and researchers often spend time on technology innovations at the expense of adopting the sound engineering principles which have paid such dividends in the software industry. Hypermedio &amp; the Web approaches interactive information (concentrating on hypertext documents) as a structure requiring management, quantification and documentation. From analysing the purpose for which a website, CD-ROM or online archive is created, assessing the characteristics and resources needed for the process of building each one, to the assessment of the end product itself, this book attempts to carve out features that are essential to the successful structuring of information in an electronic environment. This is an ambitious book charting an emerging discipline. It is an essential tool to help developers and educators shape and maintain useful and relevant electronic information. 'Hypermedia Engineering hasn't produced many tangible benefits in real-life situations, because very few people practise it. That's why the book is needed.' David Barron, Southampton University 'This book is interesting and excellently fulfills a current need [by] providing an exhaustive and up-to-date vision of the hypermedia field.' Fabio Vitali, University of Bologna 'The strength of this book is its breadth - it covers many of the issues in hypermedia with examples from the technical to the managerial. Students could use these as starting points when designing or evaluating hypermedia systems.' David Sharp, Imperial College of Science and Technology 'Information systems developers and managers should find this a helpful guide for developing hypermedia applications.' H Ashman, University of Nottingham Visit our Website at: http://www.wiley.com/compbooks/</p>

Hypermedia and the Web: An Engineering Approach

Computers & Technology

Löwe, David

Computer Science

<p>Rethinking Hypermedia: The Microcosm Approach is essentially the story of the Microcosm hypermedia research and development project that started in the late 1980's and from which has emerged a philosophy that re-examines the whole concept of hypermedia and its role in the evolution of multimedia information systems. The book presents the complete story of Microcosm to date. It sets the development of Microcosm in the context of the history of the subject from which it evolved, as well as the developments in the wider world of technology over the last two decades including personal computing, high-speed communications, and the growth of the Internet. These all lead us towards a world of global integrated information environments: the publishing revolution of the 20th century, in principle making vast amounts of information available to anybody anywhere in the world. <br> Rethinking Hypermedia: The Microcosm Approach explains the role that open hypermedia systems and link services will play in the integrated information environments of the future. It considers issues such as authoring, legacy systems and data integrity issues, and looks beyond the simple hypertext model provided in the World Wide Web and other systems today to the world of intelligent information processing agents that will help us deal with the problems of information overload and maintenance. <br> Rethinking Hypermedia: The Microcosm Approach will be of interest to all those who are involved in designing, implementing and maintaining hypermedia systems such as the World Wide Web by setting the groundwork for producing a system that is both easy to use and easy to maintain. Rethinking Hypermedia: The Microcosm Approach is essential reading for anyone involved in the provision of online information.</p>

Rethinking Hypermedia: The Microcosm Approach (Electronic Publishing Series, 4)

Davis, Hugh

Hutchings, Gerard

Springer

Rethinking Hypermedia: The Microcosm Approach is  essentially the story of the Microcosm hypermedia research and  development project that started in the late 1980's and from which has  emerged a philosophy that re-examines the whole concept of hypermedia  and its role in the evolution of multimedia information systems. The  book presents the complete story of Microcosm to date. It sets the  development of Microcosm in the context of the history of the subject  from which it evolved, as well as the developments in the wider world  of technology over the last two decades including personal computing,  high-speed communications, and the growth of the Internet. These all  lead us towards a world of global integrated information environments:  the publishing revolution of the 20th century, in principle making  vast amounts of information available to anybody anywhere in the  world.   Rethinking Hypermedia: The Microcosm Approach explains the role  that open hypermedia systems and link services will play in the  integrated information environments of the future. It considers issues  such as authoring, legacy systems and data integrity issues, and looks  beyond the simple hypertext model provided in the World Wide Web  and other systems today to the world of intelligent information  processing agents that will help us deal with the problems of  information overload and maintenance.   Rethinking Hypermedia: The Microcosm Approach will be of  interest to all those who are involved in designing, implementing and  maintaining hypermedia systems such as the World Wide Web by setting  the groundwork for producing a system that is both easy to use and  easy to maintain. Rethinking Hypermedia: The Microcosm Approach  is essential reading for anyone involved in the provision of online  information.

Rethinking Hypermedia: The Microcosm Approach (Electronic Publishing Series)

<p>A Framework for Web Science sets out a series of approaches to the analysis and synthesis of the World Wide Web, and other web-like information structures. A comprehensive set of research questions is outlined, together with a sub-disciplinary breakdown, emphasising the multi-faceted nature of the Web, and the multi-disciplinary nature of its study and development. These questions and approaches together set out an agenda for Web Science, the science of decentralised information systems. Web Science is required both as a way to understand the Web, and as a way to focus its development on key communicational and representational requirements. A Framework for Web Science surveys central engineering issues, such as the development of the Semantic Web, Web services and P2P. Analytic approaches to discover the Web's topology, or its graph-like structures, are examined. Finally, the Web as a technology is essentially socially embedded; therefore various issues and requirements for Web use and governance are also reviewed. A Framework for Web Science is aimed primarily at researchers and developers in the area of Web-based knowledge management and information retrieval. It will also be an invaluable reference for students in computer science at the postgraduate level, academics and industrial practitioners.</p>

A Framework for Web Science (Foundations and Trends(r) in Web Science)

Hendler, James A.

Berners-Lee, Sir Tim

Now Publishers

<p><div>Social machines are a type of network connected by interactive digital devices made possible by the ubiquitous adoption of technologies such as the Internet, the smartphone, social media and the read/write World Wide Web, connecting people at scale to document situations, cooperate on tasks, exchange information, or even simply to play. Existing social processes may be scaled up, and new social processes enabled, to solve problems, augment reality, create new sources of value, and disrupt existing practice.</div> <div><br /></div> <div>This book considers what talents one would need to understand or build a social machine, describes the state of the art, and speculates on the future, from the perspective of the EPSRC project SOCIAM - The Theory and Practice of Social Machines. The aim is to develop a set of tools and techniques for investigating, constructing and facilitating social machines, to enable us to narrow down pragmatically what is becoming a wide space, by asking 'when will it be valuable to use these methods on a sociotechnical system?' The systems for which the use of these methods adds value are social machines in which there is rich person-to-person communication, and where a large proportion of the machine's behaviour is constituted by human interaction.</div></p>

The Theory and Practice of Social Machines (Lecture Notes in Social Networks)

Shadbolt, Nigel

De Roure, David

Reference

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