<p>MODULA-2 is a new programming language which was created by Niklaus Wirth of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) in Zurich. The lan guage is derived from PASCAL: it includes all aspects of PASCAL and some times improves on them. Moreover, MODULA-2 includes the important "mod ule" concept, as well as multiprogramming capabilities and a way of implemen ting low-level software in an elegant manner. In summary, MODULA-2 may be used equally well as a general-purpose programming language and as a system implementation language. MODULA-2 provides the programmer with a good way of writing high quality software. In particular, modules are powerful tools for achieving modularity, reliability, readability, extensibility, reusability and ma chine-independence. This book presents the complete MODULA-21anguage from the beginning. Each topic is presented by means of numerous examples and each concept is justified. The syntax of the language is explained using syntactic diagrams. This book is not a reference manual for MODULA-2, but a textbook from which the student can learn the language progressively. The most important con cepts (i.e. procedures, modules and data structures) are explained in great detail and methodological aspects are also emphasized. Beginning in the first chapter, the student may execute his/her own pro grams. Program examples in this book have been executed on several machines (APPLE II, IBM PC and VAX 11/780) and they may be taken as a basis for stu dents.</p>

Modula-2: An Introduction

Daniel Thalmann

Computers & Technology

Springer Nature

Research into the methods and techniques used in simulating crowds has developed extensively within the last few years, particularly in the areas of video games and film. Despite recent impressive results when simulating and rendering thousands of individuals, many challenges still exist in this area.The comparison of simulation with reality, the realistic appearance of virtual humans and their behavior, group structure and their motion, and collision avoidance are just some examples of these challenges. For most of the applications of crowds, it is now a requirement to have real-time simulations – which is an additional challenge, particularly when crowds are very large.Crowd Simulation analyses these challenges in depth and suggests many possible solutions. Daniel Thalmann and Soraia Musse share their experiences and expertise in the application of: ·         Population modeling·         Virtual human animation·         Behavioral models for crowds·         The connection between virtual and real crowds·         Path planning and navigation·         Visual attention models·         Geometric and populated semantic environments·         Crowd renderingThe second edition presents techniques and methods developed since the authors first covered the simulation of crowds in 2007. Crowd Simulation includes in-depth discussions on the techniques of path planning, including a new hybrid approach between navigation graphs and potential-based methods. The importance of gaze attention – individuals appearing conscious of their environment and of others – is introduced, and a free-of-collision method for crowds is also discussed.

Crowd Simulation

Soraia Raupp Musse

Springer

<p>Recent times have seen growing interest in crowd simulation, particularly in the commercial sector where it is used in the fields of security, defence, entertainment and the movie industry. This book focuses closely on methods and techniques for crowd simulation, filling the gap in the professional literature. The topics covered in this comprehensive survey include Modelling of Populations; Virtual Human Animation; Behavioural Animation of Crowds; Crowd Rendering and Populated Environments.</p>

Software

Image Synthesis Theory and Practice

N. Magnenat-Thalmann

Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. K

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Books by Daniel Thalmann