Half a century ago, archaeology entered a new field of work with the excavation of ancient ships found under water. A new discipline emerged: maritime archaeology. In this book, Ole Crumlin-Pedersen, the Danish pioneer of maritime archaeology, gives a fascinating overview of more than forty of years of work. Beginning with the natural conditions for seafaring, the author explains the evolution of basic water craft into those plank-built, sail-carrying ships which enabled the seaborne activities of the Viking Age and the following medieval periods, concluding with case studies of the maritime cultural landscape of Roskilde Fjord and the ship as symbol. The themes of this volume were first presented in six Rhind Lectures for the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland in Edinburgh in 2008. Table of Contents Foreword (Barbara Crawford &amp; Tinna Damgård-Sørensen); Introduction; I. Studying The Archaeology of Maritime Cultures; The seafarer’s geographical framework; What defines a maritime culture?; The potentials of waterlogged sites; Studying maritime archaeology; The ship; Some aspects of Danish maritime archaeology; Hydrography and shipping lanes; A national and international research programme; The Danish situation; Other ship finds; The Centre for Maritime Archaeology in Roskilde; Publications; Two examples; Hjortspring, a large Pre-Roman war canoe; The history of Skuldelev 2, a Dublin-built 11th–century longship; Shipbuilding resources and craftsmanship; Sea trials and voyages I I. Boats and Ships Before AD 800; Wood technology and tools; The ethnographical evidence for basic boatbuilding concepts and materials; Skin/hide boats; Bark boats; Logboats; Expanded logboats; Outriggers and composite logboats; Plank boats; The archaeological evidence; Mesolithic boats; Neolithic and Bronze-Age logboats; Bronze-Age logboat-based complex vessels; The Dover boat; The Ferriby boats and the Brigg craft; The concepts of the Bronze-Age boats; Romano-Celtic vessels; Nordic ship images; Hjortspring; Expanded boats; Nydam; Roman influence; Sutton Hoo; Paddles, oars, sail; From Nydam to the Vikings III. Anglo–Saxon and Scandinavian Longships; The origin of longship concept; Maritime expertise; The source groups; Four conceptual approaches; The vessels of Franks and Frisians; The ships of Britain and Ireland; Ships of Scandinavia and the Baltic area; Viking longships; The Hedeby I longship; The Skuldelev 5 ship; Roskilde 6, a royal longship at the doorstep of the Viking Ship Museum; The Puck longship; The ship as a status object; Names for the ship types; Longships in Central and Southern Europe; Conclusion; The aftermath of the longship period IV. The Ships of Viking–Age and Medieval Traders and Settlers; The world of the Vikings; Sutton Hoo; The introduction of the sail; Viking expansion, loot or trade?; The early Viking phase, c. 700–840; Trade and early centres; Ribe, the first Danish town?; The middle Viking phase, c. 840–950; The early Christian mission; Vikings in the West; Scandinavian settlement in Scotland and Ireland Ships and boats in Scotland; Othere’s voyages; Wulfstan’s voyage; The late Viking phase, 950–1100; State formation and control of the shipping lanes; The North Atlantic route; Skuldelev 1, a medium-sized Norwegian knorr; Skuldelev 3, a small Danish byrding; Hedeby 3, a large Danish knorr; Scandinavian ships of the period 1100–1250; The Baltic expansion; Large clinker-built cargo ships; Small vessels; Other high–and late–medieval ship types; The early cogs; Later cogs; The hulc; British high–and late–medieval ships; Conclusion V. The Maritime Cultural Landscpae; The Skuldelev example; Routes across land and sea; Roskilde Fjord; An ancient cultural landscape; Skuldelev fieldwork; Reconstruction of the paleo-landscape; Early warning systems – a hypothetical reconstruction; Lejre – Roskilde – Copenhagen; The coast as a contact zone along the Roskilde Fjord VI. The Ship as Symbol in the Scandinavian Iron Age and Viking Period; Ship representations in several media; Traditional interpretations; Criteria for boat graves; ‘Rich’ graves with ships and boats; ‘Ordinary’ grave boats; The Slusegård cemetery; Grave 1072; The Slusegaard boat graves in general; Male and female graves; The interpretation of the boat grave custom; The two families of gods; Skidbladnir; The confrontation with the Christian mission; Sutton Hoo; Oseberg; Large stone ships; Transition to Christianity; The source value of icons; Summary of the evidence from boat graves and stone ships; The Valhalla myth; King Scyld and the Beowulf poem; Bibliography; About the author; Index

Archaeology and the Sea in Scandinavia and Britain: A Personal Account (Maritime Culture of the North)

History

Crumlin-Pedersen, Ole

Europe

Viking Ship Museum

Aspects of Maritime Scandinavia AD 200-1200

Ships and shipbuilding were important elements of Viking culture and a precondition for trade, warfare and conquest. The important excavations at the Viking towns of Hedeby and Schleswig-Holstein revealed a rich body of finds of wrecks and parts of ships. This is a report on this material and also examines the role of the towns as ports and the role of trading in their development.

Viking-Age Ships and Shipbuilding in Hedeby (Ships & Boats of the North)

Skuldelev Ships 1 (Ships & Boats of the North)

Religion & Spirituality

The Hjortsping boat, fully excavated in the 1920s, is arguably the most important archaeological find from early Iron Age Scandinavia. This volume forms the first English-language analysis of the find and its context, beginning with the background to the discovery and excavation of the warship and its new display at the centre of a special exhibition at the National Museum in Copenhagen. Illustrated throughout with photographs, many in colour, and drawings of each part of the warship and its associated finds, this is an extremely well-presented study. Specialist contributions examine the warship's construction and components, its geometrical proportions and hydrodynamics, evidence for paddles and its date. Sections also discuss the reconstruction of the ship, and its sailing trials, associated weapons and everyday objects. Emphasis is placed throughout on its context, with sections examining the identity of the shipbuilders, the military organisation of northern Europe in the 4th century BC, ship iconography during the Bronze and early Iron Ages and other examples of ships found across Europe. The enclosed CD-Rom contains images from the sea trials of the reconstruction and scenes from the original excavations. Includes a Danish summary.

Hjortspring: A Pre-Roman Iron Age Warship in Context (Ships & Boats of the North)

Trakadas, Athena

Ancient Civilizations

During the summers from 2005 to 2007, the Viking Ship Museum reconstructed and built three boats from the Iron Age and Viking Age. Common to all three boats is that they all have a thin, hollowed-out log boat as their basic component, which is heated and softened over fire and then expanded out into a new hull form. In this book, archaeologist Ole Crumlin-Pedersen presents the archaeological background of expanded boats, while boat-builder Hanus Jensen describes how the three reconstructions were built. Both authors communicate their knowledge and experience with such passion, that we as readers get entirely swept up in their enthusiasm for this part of the Nordic clinker-built boat’s history.

Viking and Iron Age Expanded Boats (Viking Ship Museum)

Politics & Social Sciences

Jensen, Hanus

Archaeology

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