In-depth discussions of 29 ornamental crops. Each chapter presents history and breeding goals, a critical review of the literature, important techniques and protocols, future prospects, and key references. Two special essays address the potential of plant propagation by tissue culture, and agricultural revolutions and crop improvement. Acidic paper. Annotation copyright Book News, Inc. Portland, Or.

Handbook of Plant Cell Culture: Ornamental Species

Crafts, Hobbies & Home

Bajaj, Y. P. S.

Ammirato, Philip V.

Evans, David A.

Sharp, William R.

Gardening & Landscape Design

McGraw=Hill

This volume comprises 31 chapters on biotechnology of various vegetables, fruits, grasses and forage crops and deals with the importance, distribution, conventional propagation, micropropagation, review of the tissue culture work and recent advances in the in-vitro technology. These biotechnological approaches have far-reaching implications for the mass propagation, induction of genetic variability, and the early release of improved cultivars.

Crops II (Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry)

Science & Math

Biological Sciences

Springer

'frees contribute a major part of fuel, fodder and fruit, and are an im of bioenergy. They are now needed in large numbers more portant source than ever before for afforestation and social forestry, so that fast-grow ing and multipurpose trees assume great importance. After extensive in discriminate deforestation and rapid depletion of genetic stocks, efforts are now being made to evolve methods for clonal mass propagation of improved and elite trees. Production of short-duration trees with a rapid turnover of biomass, and induction of genetic variability through in vitro manipulation for the production of novel fruit and forest trees, which are high-yielding and resistant to pests and diseases, and trees which display increased photosynthetic efficiency are in demand. These objectives are well within the realm of horticultural and forest biotech nology. Some of the recent advances, such as the regeneration of com plete trees from isolated protoplasts, somatic hybridization, and the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation in various tree species have opened new vistas for the genetic engineering of fruit and forest trees. This book is a continuation of the earlier volume Trees I, and presents 31 chapters on fruit, forest, nut and ornamental trees, such as avocado, pineapple, crabapple, quince, pistachio, walnut, hazelnut, date palm, oil palm, cacao, rubber, maple, sweet-gum, poplars, birches, Chinese tallow, willows, oaks, paper mulberry, rhododendrons, Scots pine, Calabrian pine, Douglas-fir, redwood, ginkgo, cycads and some flowering trees.

Trees II (Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry, 5)

Business & Money

Economics

Wheat, which is the second most important cereal crop in the world, is being grown in a wide range of climates over an area of about 228 945 thou sand ha with a production of about 535 842 MT in the world. Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ) accounts for 80% of the wheat consumption, howe ver, it is attacked by a large number of pests and pathogens; rusts and smuts cause enormous damage to the crop and reduce the yield drastically in some areas. The major breeding objectives for wheat include grain yield, earliness, resistance to lodging and diseases, spikelet fertility, cold tolerance, leaf duration and net assimilation rate, fertilizer utilization, coleoptile length, nutritional value, organoleptic qualities, and the improvement of charac ters such as color and milling yield. The breeding of wheat by traditional methods has been practiced for centuries, however, it has only now come to a stage where these methods are insufficient to make any further breakthrough or to cope with the world's demand. Although numerous varieties are released every year around the world, they do not last long, and long-term objectives cannot be realized unless more genetic variability is generated. Moreover, the intro duction of exotic genetic stocks and their cultivation over large areas results in the depletion and loss of the native germplasm pool.

Wheat (Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry, 13)

After the 1986 and 1989 volumes, this is the third volume on biotechnology for propagation of trees. Comprising 28 chapters contributed by international experts the book deals with fruit, ornamental, and forest trees, such as Black cherry, Sour cherry, Pomegranate, Loquat, Ficus, Yellow poplar, Horse chestnut, Judas tree, Linden tree, Saskatoons, Taiwan sassafras, Plane-tree, Rattans, Bamboos, Engelmann spruce, White spruce, Larches, Hinoki cypress, Western redcedar, and various types of pines, i.e. Jack, Carribean, Eldarica, Slash, Egg-cone, Maritime, Ponderosa, Eastern white, Loblolly pine. Trees III is an excellent reference book for scientists, educators, and students of forestry, botany, genetics, and horticulture, who are interested in tree biotechnology.

Trees III (Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry, 16)

27 chapter cover the distribution, economic importance,conventional propagation, micropropagation, tissue culture,and in vitro production of important medicinal andpharmaceutical compounds in various species of Ajuga,Allium, Ambrosia, Artemisia, Aspilia, Atractylodes,Callitris, Choisya, Cinnamomum, Coluria, Cucumis, Drosera,Daucus, Eustoma, Fagopyrum, Hibiscus, Levisticum,Onobrychis, Orthosiphon, Quercus, Sanguinaria, Solanum,Sophora, Stauntonia, Tanecetum, Vetiveria, and Vitis.Like the previous volumes 4, 7, 15, and 21 in theMedicinal and Aromatic Plants series, the volume istailored to the need of advanced students, teachers,and research scientists in the area of plant biotechnologyandbioengineering, pharmacy, botany and biochemistry.

Medicinal and Aromatic Plants V (Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry, 24)

Forty chapters deal with various aspects of tissue culture, in vitro manipulation, and other biotechnological approaches to the improvement of maize. They are arranged in eight sections: - In Vitro Technology, Callus Cultures and Regeneration of Plants, Somatic Embryogenesis. - Wide Hybridization, Embryo, Ovule, and Inflorescence Culture, in Vitro Fertilization. - Production of Haploids and Double Haploids, Anther and Pollen Culture. - Protoplast Culture, Genetic Transformation. - Somaclonal Variation and Mutations. - Molecular Biology and Physiological Studies. - Proteins and Nutritional Improvement. Pollen Storage, Cryopreservation of Germplasm.

Maize (Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry, 25)

Fantasies and dreams have their rightful place in science, and sometimes they turn into reality. Regeneration of hybrid plants through protoplast fusion is one such dream come true. In the early 1970s I shared the pioneering excitement in the field of protoplast technology at the Second International Congress of Plant Tissue Culture held in Strasbourg, France. Subsequently, I participated in three international conferences devoted to plant protoplasts, in Salamanca, Spain (1972), Versailles, France (1972), and Nottingham, England (1975). At Versailles Dr. P.S. Carlson presented his work on the successful regeneration of somatic hybrids between Nicotiana glauca and Nicotiana langsdorfii. The enthusi asm shown by the participants was sufficient indication of the bright future of somatic hybridization. On my return from Versailles, I gathered my thoughts and prepared a concept paper on Potentials of Protoplast Culture Work in Agriculture which was published in Euphytica (Bajaj 1974). The studies on protoplast fusion and somatic hybridization then gained momentum and active work started in many laboratories. Very significant work was done by Melchers et al. (1978) who obtained a somatic hybrid between potato and tomato, calling it "Pomato".

Somatic Hybridization in Crop Improvement I (Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry, 27)

The germ plasm of numerous plant species, especially those of forest trees, some agricultural crops, and medicinal plants, is endangered and threatened with extinction. This depletion of germplasm pools and the shrinkage of naturally occurring genetic resources have caused international concern. Conventionally, the germplasm of plants is conserved through seeds, tubers, roots, corms, rhizomes, bulbs, cuttings, etc. However, the germ plasm of a number of trees and plantation crops (such as coconut, cocao, coffee, oil palm, rubber, mango, horse chestnut, etc. ) cannot be preserved since their seed are short-lived (recalcitrant). Likewise, germplasm of vegetatively propagated crops (such as potato and cassava) cannot be stored on a long term basis and has to be grown and multiplied periodically in nurseries and fields. The plants are thus exposed to unpredictable weather conditions and diseases, with the result that instances are known where entire genetic stocks are lost. Therefore, unconventional methods are being developed for the storage and international exchange of germplasm. For this purpose in vitro cultures have been employed, but they can only enable short-to medium term preservation; moreover, cell cultures upon repeated subculture undergo genetic erosion. In view of the recent developments in the in vitro induction of genetic variability through somaclonal variation, somatic hybridization, recombinant DNA technology, etc. , new methods need to be employed for the storage of desirable cultures. In this regard freeze preservation of cells in liquid nitrogen (-196 0q, like that of semen, enables long-term storage, theoretically, for an indefinite period of time.

Cryopreservation of Plant Germplasm I (Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry, 32)

This book Trees IV, like the previous volumes (Trees I, II, III published in 1986, 1989, 1991, respectively), is special in its approach. It elucidates the case history and biotechnology of individual fruit, forest, and ornamental trees, and discusses the present state of the art, with particular reference to in vitro propagation. It comprises 24 chapters contributed by international experts, and deals with the importance, distribution, conventional propa gation, micropropagation, review of tissue culture studies, and recent advances in the in vitro culture and genetic manipulation of various species of Acrocomia, Ailanthus, Anacardium, Allocasuarina, Carya, Casuarina, Coffea, Cyphomandra, Feijoa, Fraxinus, Gymnocladus, Leptospermum, Fagus, Metroxylon, Oxydendrum, Paeonia, Paulownia, Pouteria, Psidium, and Quercus. Included are also five chapters on gymnosperm trees, such as Abies jraseri, Cephalotaxus harringtonia, Pinus durangensis, P. gregg ii, P. halepensis, P. pinea, and Tetraclinis articulata. Trees IV is a valuable reference book for scientists, teachers, and students of forestry, botany, genetics, and horticulture, and all those who are interested in the biotechnology of trees. New Delhi, March 1996 Professor y. P. S. BAJAJ Series Editor Contents Section I Angiosperm Trees 1. 1 Acrocomia Species (Macauba Palm) O. l. CROCOMO and M. MELO (With 8 Figures) 1 General Account . . . . . . . . . . 3 2 Chemical Composition . . . . . . 5 3 Genetics and Crop Improvement 9 4 In Vitro Culture Studies 10 5 Industrial Utilization . . . 14 6 Lauric Acid . . . . . . . . . 15 7 Summary and Conclusions 15 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 1. 2 Ailanthus altissima Mill. Swingle (Tree of Heaven) M. ZENKTELER and B.

Trees IV (Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry, 35)

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