It is impossible to study literature in Ireland in the nineteenth century without also considering history, social issues, politics and religion. In particular absentee landlords appointed agents and/or middlemen - most of whom were corrupt - who persecuted tenants and squeezed every last penny from them (often entirely legally), so fueling the resentment felt by often dispossessed tenants who had already suffered under the Penal Laws. This excessive and often corrupt behaviour by landowners, agents, middlemen and the Law, the book identifies as 'institutional violence'; equally, it identifies the inevitable violent response by the tenants as 'agrarian violence'. The book's structure is unconventional: it is divided into three parts. The first part looks at the novels up to the Famine: Edgeworth (the upper class, Protestant view), Griffin (the upper middle class, Catholic view), and the Banims (the middle class, Catholic view) - all of whom believed the solution to what was to become known as the Irish Land Question lay in Ireland. In the second part, the problem essentially 'emigrates': Kickham saw the solution as lying with America, while Trollope saw it as lying with England - both arguments are discredited. In part three, the solution no longer lies in reality but beyond reality, in short, in fantasy. I argue that, although Edgeworth's agenda is the dominant one, it could all have been very different. While Moore's book predates all the authors apart from Edgeworth, the unique, fantasy quality of his Memoirs of Captain Rock (1824), separates him from the more or less rational worlds of Edgeworth and of those who, like her, at least glimpsed a solution. It is with Moore that we discover the origins of the only other work in the canon that challenges or even surpasses Edgeworth's pre-eminence - Stoker's Dracula. Superficially, Stoker merely transplants exploration of the Land Question from Ireland to Transylvania, but the novel also deals with issues ignored by other writers. Dracula not only looks to the past but also to the future and forms a bridge between the conventional agrarian novel and the innovative, urbanized, literary forms later pioneered by James Joyce.The University of Buckingham Press The University of Buckingham is the only independent university in the UK and our publishing program reflects the tenets of the university and the principles of its founding fathers:  -Liberty -Freedom of the individual -Freedom from state intervention The University of Buckingham Press provides a forum for the exchange of views and a vehicle for rigorous academic research to disseminate the values which underpin the university in the subject areas at which the university excels: -Law -Education -Business -Education

From Castle Rackrent to Castle Dracula: Anglo-irish Agrarian Fiction in the Nineteenth Century

Literature & Fiction

Davis, Paul.

World Literature

Univ of Buckingham Pr

Smoking has been controversial ever since tobacco came to Europe in the sixteenth century. Fifty years ago, almost everyone smoked. Fifty years before that, smokers were in the doghouse – cigarettes were illegal in several U.S. states early in the twentieth century. Smoking has always been a ready source of revenue. It has also been a source of health problems, real and imagined. The mixture of pleasure, money and health risk means that smoking is rarely treated fairly by politicians, health professionals or the public. Now, tough anti-smoking laws are almost universal. The misinformation about, and unreasoning hostility directed at, smoking and smokers – and the sight of smokers, usually poor, puffing desperately outside in winter weather – is one reason for this book. Smoking has no public cost. It puts individual smokers at risk. It does not put the public purse at risk. Prompted by this surprising discovery, Staddon looked further into the facts. The more he looked, the weaker the case against smoking as a public health issue became. Is Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) really dangerous to children? How do they know? Does it really cause sudden infant death? How do they know that? Proving that smoking can cause an ever-growing list of ailments requires a scientific case that is often impossible to make, for logical, ethical and practical reasons. The case against ETS, in particular, is exceedingly weak. So, if smoking has no public cost and the medical case for third-party harm is weak, why are smokers victimized in so many ways? This book tries to find out – and the answer is not pretty.

Unlucky Strike: Private Health and the Science, Law and Politics of Smoking

Business & Money

Staddon, John

Economics

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