Lectures on Contemporary Syntactic Theories: An Introduction to Government-Binding Theory, Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar, and Lexical-Function Grammar (Volume 3) (Lecture Notes)

This books provides an introduction to three contemporary syntactic theories, Government-Binding Theory, Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar, and Lexical-Functional Grammar. In successive chapters, Sells lucidly presents and illustrates the fundamental apsects of each theory. In an introductory chapter he describes the basic syntactic concepts and assumptions shared by each theory; in the postscript, Thomas Wasow provides a more general overview of the different perspectives of these three approaches.

Lectures on Contemporary Syntactic Theories (Center for the Study of Language and Information Publication Lecture Notes)

Reference

Sells, Peter

Words, Language & Grammar

The Center for the Study of Language and Information Publications

Logic programming, an important new method of compute programming resulting from recent research in artifucial intelligence and computer science, has proved to be especially appropriate for solving problems in natrual-language processing. "Prolog and Natural Language Analysis" provides a concise and practical introduction to logic programming and the logic-programming language Prolog both as vehicles for understanding elementary computational linguistics and as tools for implementing the basic components of natural-language-processing systems. Throughout, the specific concepts and techniques are given rigorous theoretical justification and are demonstrated with working programs that show how Prolog can be used to solve actual problems in syntax, parsing, and semantic intepretation.These examples culminate in a simple working natural-language question-answering system written in Prolog. Extensive bibliographic notes point the reader to related research and further reading.Fernando C.N. Pereira is a senior computer scientist at SRI International's Artificial Intelligence Center and a consulting professor at Stanford University. His research on Prolog and natural-language processing underlies much recent work in logic grammars.Stuart Shieber is a researcher at the Center for the Study of Language and Information and a computer scientist at SRI International's Artificial Intelligence Center. His research on unification-based grammar formalisms bridges logic programming and linguistic theory.

Prolog and Natural-Language Analysis (Center for the Study of Language and Information Publication Lecture Notes)

Computers & Technology

Pereira, Fernando C. N.

Shieber, Stuart M.

Computer Science

A long-standing, near-universal, and erroneous practice of teaching syntax in a void exists, as if the communicative function of language had nothing to do with syntax. And semantics has customarily been taught in sequence after syntax, or else not at all. Based upon graduate courses taught at Stanford University, this work seeks to redress this situation by building up syntactic and semantic aspects of grammatical theory in an integrated way from the start, under the assumption that neither is of linguistic interest divorced from the other. The particular theory presented, head-driven phrase structure grammar (HPSG) - so-called because of its central notion of the grammatical head - is an information-based (or 'unification-based' theory that has its roots in a number of different research programs within linguistics and neighboring disciplines such as philosophy and computer science. Thus HPSG draws upon and attempts to synthesize insights and perspectives from several families of contemporary syntactic theories, such as categorial grammar, lexical-functional grammar, generalized phrase structure grammar, and government-binding theory; but many of its key ideas arise from semantic theories like situation semantics and discourse representation theory, and from computational work in such areas as knowledge representation, data type theory, and formalisms based upon the unification of partial information.

Information-Based Syntax and Semantics: Volume 1, Fundamentals (Center for the Study of Language and Information Publication Lecture Notes)

Pollard, Carl

Sag, Ivan A.

Language Study & Reference

A long-standing, near-universal, and erroneous practice of teaching syntax in a void exists, as if the communicative function of language had nothing to do with syntax. And semantics has customarily been taught in sequence after syntax, or else not at all. Based upon graduate courses taught at Stanford University, this work seeks to redress this situation by building up syntactic and semantic aspects of grammatical theory in an integrated way from the start, under the assumption that neither is of linguistic interest divorced from the other. The particular theory presented, head-driven phrase structure grammar (HPSG) - so-called because of its central notion of the grammatical head - is an information-based (or 'unification-based' theory that has its roots in a number of different research programs within linguistics and neighboring disciplines such as philosophy and computer science. Thus HPSG draws upon and attempts to synthesize insights and perspectives from several families of contemporary syntactic theories, such as categorial grammar, lexical-functional grammar, generalized phrase structure grammar, and government-binding theory; but many of its key ideas arise from semantic theories like situation semantics and discourse representation theory, and from computational work in such areas as knowledge representation, data type theory, and formalisms based upon the unification of partial information.

Information-Based Syntax and Semantics, Vol. 1: Fundamentals (Center for the Study of Language and Information Publication Lecture Notes, No. 13)

Over the last twenty years or so, most of the work on the syntax of Philippine languages has been focused on the question of whether or not these languages can be said to have grammatical subjects, and if so which argument of a basic transitive clause should be analysed as being the subject. Paul Kroeger's contribution to this debate asserts that grammatical relations such as subject and object are syntactic notions, and must be identified on the basis of syntactic properties, rather than by semantic roles or discourse functions. A large number of syntactic processes in Tagalog uniquely select the argument which bears the nominative case. On the other hand, the data which have been used in the debate to assert the ambiguity of subjecthood are best analysed in terms of semantic rather than syntactic constraints. Together these facts support an analysis that takes the nominative argument as the subject. Kroeger examines the history of the subjecthood debate and uses data from Tagalog to test the theories that have been put forth. His conclusions entail consequences for certain linguistic concepts and theories, and lead Kroeger to assert that grammatical relations are not defined in terms of surface phrase structure configurations, contrary to the assumptions of many approaches to syntax including the Government-Binding theory. Paul Kroeger is presently doing fieldwork in Austronesian languages and teaching linguistics to fieldworkers from around the world.

Phrase Structure and Grammatical Relations in Tagalog (Center for the Study of Language and Information - Lecture Notes)

Kroeger, Paul

This text/courseware package presents a new approach to teaching first-order logic. Taking advantage of Tarski's World 4.0, the text skilfully balances the semantic conception of logic with methods of proof. The book contains eleven chapters, in four parts. Part I is about propositional logic, Part II about quantifier logic. Part III contains chapters on set theory and inductive definitions. Part IV contains advanced topics in logic, including topics of importance in applications of logic in computer science. The Language of First-order Logic contains hundreds of problems and exercises for the user to work through.

The Language of First-Order Logic: Including the IBM-compatible Windows version of Tarski's World 4.0 (Center for the Study of Language and Information Publication Lecture Notes)

Barwise, Jon

Etchemendy, John

This book examines Japanese as a configurational language.

The Syntax of Subjects (Center for Study of Language and Information)

Tateishi, Koichi

The Syntax of Subjects

According to popular wisdom, humans never relate to a computer or a television program in the same way they relate to another human being. Or do they? The psychological and sociological complexities of the relationship could be greater than you think. In an extraordinary revision of received wisdom, Byron Reeves and Clifford Nass demonstrate convincingly in The Media Equation that interactions with computers, television, and new communication technologies are identical to real social relationships and to the navigation of real physical spaces. Using everyday language, the authors explain their novel ideas in a way that will engage general readers with an interest in cutting-edge research at the intersection of psychology, communication and computer technology. The result is an accessible summary of exciting ideas for modern times. As Bill Gates says, '(they) ... have shown us some amazing things'.

The Media Equation: How People Treat Computers, Television, and New Media like Real People and Places (CSLI Lecture Notes)

Health, Fitness & Dieting

Reeves, Byron

Nass, Clifford

Psychology & Counseling

Syntactic Theory: A Formal Introduction

Syntactic Theory: A Formal Introduction is unlike any other introductory textbook on the market. Targeting students with strong formal/mathematical skills, but assuming no particular previous background, this book focuses on the development of precisely formulated grammars whose empirical predictions can be directly tested. The book begins with the inadequacy of context-free phrase structure grammars, motivating the introduction of feature structures, types and type constraints as ways of expressing linguistic generalizations. Step by step, students are led to discover a grammar that covers the core areas of English syntax that have been central to syntactic theory in the last quarter century, including: complementation, control, 'raising constructions', passives, the auxiliary system, and the analysis of long distance dependency constructions. Special attention is given to the treatment of dialect variation, especially with respect to African American Vernacular English, which has been of considerable interest with regard to the educational practice of American school systems.

Wasow, Thomas

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