<p>Thin walled structures so extensively used nowadays in industry and civil engineering are usually loaded by very complex systems of forces acting on their edges or over their surfaces. In calculating the strength of a structure we replace real loads by certain idealized loads distinguishing between typical surface loads distributed over a great area of the structure and loads acting over a small area. The latter are called concentrated loads. When the area under the load is very small in comparison with the dimensions of the surface of the structure, for example, when the diameter of the loaded area is smaller than the wall thickness, the load can be considered as a single force or a mo ment acting on the structure at one point only. The real loads which are met in practice can always be replaced by a combination of components such as forces normal and tangential to the wall as well as bending and twisting moments. Knowing the distribution of the stresses in the structure produced by each component, we can find it under any arbitrary load using the principle of superposition. There are two main reasons for the appearance of the concentration of stresses in the structure. It can be produced by notches, rapid changes of the cross-section, holes, cutouts, etc. on one hand and by concentrated loads resulting from the interaction of the elements of the structure on the other.</p>

Local loads in plates and shells (Mechanics of Surface Structure)

Science & Math

S. Lukasiewicz Stanisaw Ukasiewicz

Physics

Sijthoff & Noordhoff International Publishers

Elementary Engineering Fracture Mechanics

David Broek

Mathematics

Questions of International Law

G. Harasziti

Gyorgy Haraszti

Foreign & International Law

<p>Although the theory of thermoelasticity has a long history, its foun dations having been laid in the first half of the nineteenth century by Duhamel and Neumann, wide-spread interest in this field did not develop until the years subsequent to World War Two. There are good reasons for this sudden and continuing revival of interest. First, in the field of aeronautics, the high velocities of modern aircraft have been found to give rise to aerodynamic heating; in turn, this produces intense thermal stresses and, by lowering the elastic limit, reduces the strength of the aircraft structure. Secondly, in the nuclear field, the extremely high temperatures and temperature gradients originating in nuclear reactors influence their design and operation. Likewise, in the technology of modern propulsive systems, such as jet and rocket engines, the high temperatures associated with combustion processes are the origin of unwelcome thermal stresses. Similar phenomena are encountered in the technologies of space vehicles and missiles, in the mechanics of large steam turbines, and even in shipbuilding, where, strangely enough. ship fractures are often attributed to thermal stres ses of moderate intensities. The investigations of these, and similar, problems have brol!ght forth a remarkable number of research papers, both theoretical and experimental, in which various aspects of thermal stresses in engineering structures are described.</p>

Theory of thermoelasticity with applications (Mechanics of Surface Structure)

Nowinski, J.L.

From 18th to 20th September, 1978, about forty scientists and practitioners from Australia, Canada, Denmark, Finland, Great Britain, the United States and the Federal Republic of Germany joined in an international symposium entitled "Design and Implementation of Computer-based Information Systems" . This symposium was initiated by the invitation of the BIFOA (Betriebswirtschaft liches Institut fur Organisation und Automation an der Universitiit zu Koln) as a part of the institute's research project IMPLAN (Development of Tools for the IMPLemen tation of Computer-based PLANning Systems). This book includes the opening address, the papers presented at the symposium -revised by the authors after presentation-the chairmen's summaries of the various working group sessions, and an edited version of the concluding""Blue print for Research on Implementation". Xl Acknowledgements The symposium was made possible by a federal grant from the Bundesminister fur Forschung und Technologie (BMIT), Bonn, reptesented by the Gesellschaftfur Mathe matik und Datenverarbeitung (GMD), St. Augustin, who sponsored the whole IMPLAN research project and the symposium. We are extremely appreciative of their valuable cooperation and support; in this respect our special thanks go to Mrs. Katharina Gregor and Dr. J urgen Marock of the G MD. Our sincere thanks and appreciation are due to the authors for the many hours of work, for their contributions and for preparing and revising them after the symposium. We appreciate the valuable help of the chairmen for conducting the working sessions and preparing summaries of the sessions.

Design and Implementation of Computer-Based Information Systems

Business & Money

Norbert Szyperski

Universit at Zu K Oln

Management & Leadership

Global talk

Politics & Social Sciences

Joseph N. Pelton

Social Sciences

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