Over the past four years, the United States has resettled far fewer refugees than it did in the 1990s. The decline has stemmed partly from post-9/11 security measures. But this book explains other, deeper reasons, deriving from changes in how and why refugees move, how asylum states receive them, and the world community's response. It also suggests steps to restore the program and better address real refugee needs. "At a time when America's noble heritage and history as a beacon of hope for the world's downtrodden is under siege... David Martin is a powerful voice of reason the nation needs to hear."&amp; #151;Senator Edward M. Kennedy "Must reading for policymakers, journalists, academics, and everyone who cares about America's efforts on behalf of the world's most vulnerable people. I strongly recommend it."&amp; #151;George Rupp, president, International Rescue Committee

The United States Refugee Admissions Program: Reforms for a New Era of Refugee Resettlement

Politics & Social Sciences

Martin, David A.

Social Sciences

Migration Policy Institute

At a time when immigration reform has become a top legislative priority for both the Bush administration and Congress, the Migration Policy Institute (MPI) has convened the Independent Task Force on Immigration and America's Future, a bipartisan panel of leaders and policy experts, to develop information, analysis, and proposals that contribute to broader immigration debates. Partner institutions in the project with MPI are the Manhattan Institute and the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. This report presents findings and recommendations for sound policy reform in key areas where today's immigration policy and practices are faltering: the unauthorized population, immigration enforcement and national security, labor markets and the legal immigration system, and immigrant integration. The aim of these comprehensive reforms is to ensure that immigrants can continue to make critical contributions to America's success as a nation, while meeting the higher standards of security and service that the American public is demanding.

Immigration And America's Future: A New Chapter

Doris Meissner

Deborah W. Meyers

Demetrios G. Papademetriou

Michael Fix

This book explores how developing-country governments have institutionalized ties with emigrants and their descendents. The contributors provide comparative analysis of institutions in 27 countries and practitioner insights from the Philippines, Mali, Mexico, and El Salvador.Contributors include Kathleen Newland (Migration Policy Institute), Dovelyn Agunias (Migration Policy Institute), Patricia Aragon Sto. Tomas (chairman, Development Bank of the Philippines and former secretary of the Department of Labor and Employment, Government of the Philippines), Badara Aliou Macalou (minister of Malians Abroad and African Integration, Government of Mali), Carlos González Gutiérrez (former executive director, Institute of Mexicans Abroad, Government of Mexico), and Ernesto Nosthas (director general for Attention to Salvadoran Communities Abroad, Viceministry of Foreign Relations for Salvadorans Abroad, Government of El Salvador).

Closing the Distance: How Governments Strengthen Ties with their Diasporas

Protecting human mobility is a complex homeland security challenge. U.S. borders are crossed nearly 500 million times a year, and over a quarter of all Americans have passports. The U.S. government faces a daunting challenge in protecting people on the move from the risks of direct attack, preventing the travel and immigration system from being exploited by terrorists and criminals, and infusing it with resilience against breakdowns. In this book Susan Ginsburg, formerly a senior counsel on the staff of the 9/11 Commission, examines the massive enforcement buildup that has occurred since 9/11, and she finds it out of sync with some of the government's security imperatives. By reducing this enormous protection task to one of border security and immigration enforcement, she argues, policymakers deemphasize many of the critical elements on which mobility security depends.
Adequate protection requires direct action to stop terrorist attacks, human trafficking, multinational gangs, and other criminals and conspirators. It must ensure the integrity of mobility infrastructure, from laws to territorial and airport border points. And it has to prevent life-threatening, uncontrolled, and illicit movement. To advance these goals, Ginsburg proposes a range of policy and programmatic undertakings, from travel bans to new international organizations. This innovative work sets a new agenda for U.S. security policy and practice in the context of travel, immigration, migration, and borders.

Securing Human Mobility in the Age of Risk: New Challenges for Travel, Migration, and Borders

Ginsburg, Susan

Politics & Government

This volume by MPI's Transatlantic Council on Migration examines how immigrants have fared economically and in the labor market during the global economic crisis. It focuses on seven country case studies: the United States,Germany, Ireland, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom.The case studies carefully detail unemployment rates through the recession and beyond across a range of metrics such as education, age, gender, and job sector. They examine migration flows and immigrant well-being indicators. Taken together, the studies trace the effects of the financial crisis on major immigrant-receiving countries on both sides of the Atlantic, explaining how youth, men, and young minorities were disproportionately affected.

Migration and the Great Recession: The Transatlantic Experience

Business & Money

International

Immigration policy has once again risen near the top of America's political agenda. Securing the Future discusses why integration needs to be central to debates over immigration reform in the United States. The authors are participants in the Task Force on Immigration and America's Future convened by the Migration Policy Institute (MPI), the Woodrow Wilson Center, and the Manhattan Institute. They seek to define what policymakers and scholars mean by "integration" while attempting to sketch out the general shape U.S. integration policy should take. Additionally, the volume reviews evidence of immigrants' integration by examining the second generation's progress. It focuses on trends in education, health, the workforce, and citizenship. The book concludes by briefly discussing key elements of a national integration policy, noting several issues raised in the debate over comprehensive immigration reform. These include health care coverage for temporary workers and legal immigrants and the merits of providing impact aid to state and local governments.

Securing the Future: US Immigrant Integration Policy: A Reader

This volume, which brings together research by leading economists and labor market specialists, examines the role immigrants play in the U.S. workforce, how they fare in good and bad economic times, and the effects they have on native-born workers and the labor sectors in which they are engaged. The book traces the powerful economic forces at play in today's globalized world and includes policy prescriptions for making the American immigration system more responsive to labor market needs.Chapters examine employment outcomes for low-skilled, middle-skilled, and high-skilled workers; assess the economic effects of illegal immigration; trace immigrants' trajectories in the construction, health care, hospitality, and information technology sectors; and detail the impact of immigration in recession and economic expansion. Immigrants in a Changing Labor Market is the product of the Migration Policy Institute's (MPI) Labor Markets Initiative, which provides a comprehensive, policy-focused review of the role of immigration in the labor market. The initiative produces detailed policy recommendations on how the United States should rethink its immigration policy in the light of what is known about the economic impact of immigration―bearing in mind the current context of the economic crisis, growing income inequality, concerns about the effect of globalization on U.S. competitiveness, the competition for highly skilled migrants, and demographic and technological change.Contributors include: Jeanne Batalova (MPI), Michael Fix (MPI), Gordon H. Hanson (University of California–San Diego), Harry J. Holzer (Georgetown Public Policy Institute), Pia M. Orrenius (Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas), Demetrios G. Papademetriou (MPI), Giovanni Peri (University of California–Davis), Madeleine Sumption (MPI), and Madeline Zavodny (Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA))

Immigrants in a Changing Labor Market: Responding to Economic Needs

Economics

This book examines the well-being and development of children in black immigrant families (most with parents from Africa and the Caribbean). There are 1.3 million such children in the United States. While children in these families account for 11 percent of all black children in America and represent a rapidly growing segment of the U.S. population, they remain largely ignored by researchers. To address this important gap in knowledge, the Migration Policy Institute's (MPI) National Center on Immigrant Integration Policy embarked on a project to study these children from birth to age ten.
Chapters include analysis of the changing immigration flow to the United States; the role of family and school relationships in the well-being of African immigrant children; exploration of the effects of ethnicity and foreign-born status on infant health; and parenting behavior, health, and cognitive development among children in black immigrant families.
Contributors include Randy Capps (MPI), Dylan Conger (George Washington University), Cati Coe (Rutgers University–Camden), Danielle A. Crosby (University of North Carolina–Greensboro), Angela Valdovinos D'Angelo (University of Chicago), Elizabeth Debraggio (New York University), Fabienne Doucet (Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development), Sarah Dryden-Peterson (University of Toronto), Angelica S. Dunbar (University of North Carolina–Greensboro), Tiffany L. Green (Virginia Commonwealth University), Megan Hatch (George Washington University), Donald J. Hernandez (Hunter College and City University of New York), Margot Jackson (Brown University), Kristen McCabe (MPI), Lauren Rich (University of Chicago), Amy Ellen Schwartz (New York University), Julie Spielberger (University of Chicago), and Kevin J. A. Thomas (Pennsylvania State University).

Young Children of Black Immigrants in America: Changing Flows, Changing Faces

As borders become increasingly fluid in a globalized world, border security remains at the heart of public and policymaker concerns about immigration.This volume brings together perspectives from both sides of the Atlantic on what border security means in practice. It addreses the challenges that continue to evade policymakers and assesses which policies have been most―and least―successful in achieving "secure" borders while also allowing for the movement of people and commerce.
From border dynamics and drug trafficking in Central America to challenges to the asylum regime in Europe, this book offers a thought-provoking and well-rounded account of how borders are interpreted and managed in diverse settings.

Managing Borders in an Increasingly Borderless World

History

Military

This volume develops a pragmatic approach to the engagement of highly skilled members of the diaspora for the benefit of their countries of origin. The book is based on empirical work in middle-income economies such as those in Argentina, Mexico, and Russia, as well as in high-income countries such as South Korea, Ireland, and the United Kingdom.Contents  Foreword Demetrios G. Papademetriou / Kathleen Newland (MPI)Part I: Talent Abroad and Institutional Dynamics at Home: Conceptual Issues  1. Introduction and Overview, Yevgeny Kuznetsov (World Bank)2. Passions Fuelling Interests: Unraveling Motivation of Diaspora Entrepreneurs Jennifer Brinkerhoff (George Washington University)Part II: Global Search for Local Solutions: Role of Diasporas3. Diaspora Elites Supporting India's Institutional Development: Responding to Big Challenges in Infrastructure and Public Service Provision Devesh Kapur (University of Pennsylvania)4. Africa's Talent Abroad Supporting Institutional Development in Africa Tanja Faller (African Development Bank)5. Tacit Skills Formation and Labor Market Incorporation of Mexican Immigrants in the United States Natasha Iskander (New York University) and Nichola Lowe (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill)6. Diasporas as Part of the Country: Skills Abroad for Reform Dynamics at Home Yevgeny KuznetsovPart III: Expatriate Talent and Transformation of Innovation Systems at Home7. Mexico and Argentina: Diaspora Search Networks Interacting with Home Countries― Contrasts and Similarities Ezequiel Tacsir (Inter-American Development Bank), Adolfo Nemirovsky (World Bank), and Gabriel Yoguel (General Sarmiento National University, Buenos Aires)8. Russia's Technological Diaspora: How to Make It Count in the Transformation of Innovation Systems Lev Freinkman (World Bank), Ksenia Gonchar (National Research University Higher School of Economics, Russia), and Yevgeny Kuznetsov9. South Korea: Strong State, Large Diaspora, Weak Search Networks Jeong-Hyop Lee (STEPI), AnnaLee Saxenian (University of California–Berkeley)Part IV: Implications for Institutional Development and Design of Diaspora Initiatives  10. Principles and Lessons of Institutional Design of a New Generation of Diaspora Initiatives Yevgeny Kuznetsov11. Diaspora for Development: In Search of a New Generation of Diaspora Strategies Mark Boyle and Rob Kitchin (National University of Ireland–Maynooth)

How Can Talent Abroad Induce Development at Home?: Towards a Pragmatic Diaspora Agenda

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