Even when a History writer would have wanted to celebrate, maybe the greatest European power (on land), namely the Austrian Empire, he certainly would not had chosen the terrible year 1809. What for the military apparatus in Vienna could have been a beginning of a Great Military Reform, the triumph of the Generalissimus Archduke Charles, became one of the worst nightmares of Habsburg history. In short, after a series of unfortunate events and bad military conduct, Austria disappeared from the European scene, losing further important territories but, above all, losing its mighty armies. The author chooses to tell about that period, evaluating the military organization, starting from the recruitment, up to the details of the various units, because that army, was the largest army fielded by Austria before the Great War: man told about 600,000 men, including the Levies of regional volunteers, called Landwehr (in the territories of the Austrian Crown) and Insurrectio (in the territories of the Crown of St. Stephen). Financial hardship had indicated that the increase in the new military Force had to be conducted in a more inexpensive way. The Generalissimus had found the solution with the creation of the Landwehr, in which, in wartime, we could recruit large masses of Wehrfahigen men (suitable for Duty), without having to sustain substantial expenses during the peacetime. In the first month of this year the field units of the army counted 321.469 men with 36.560 sabres, where Fuhrwesen (Train), garrison artillery, Border Cordon troops and Marines (Marineinfanterie) were not included (a total of 21.320 men and 9.461 horses). For the supplement of the war force and the formation of replacements were available: - The first reserve of the German infantry units: 59.800 men - The second reserve of the German infantry units: 73.600 men. For the defence of the inner lands of the monarchy, first acted the Depots of the field regiments, were possible, with an average strength, according to the new system, calculated in 54.000 men and 5.000 horses. In a second time had to act the new-established Landwehr, around 152.219 men, as soon as it would have been better organized. The Hungarian Insurrectio started with 50.000 men and 20.000 horses, while the new formations, mobilized in the Military Border, would have been 44.303 men and 171 horses strong. So Austria entered into war with the most powerful military force of the whole Napoleonic Period (in numbers of fighters), an effort which hardly seemed possible and which surprised the world. Unfortunately its three armies (and the Landwehr) did not surprised Bonaparte, who kicked off Austria from the battlefields till 1813.

The Austrian Army 1805-1809 Vol. 1 The Infantry (History of Soldiers and weapons book)

History

Acerbi, Enrico

Europe

Luca Cristini Editore

Even when a History writer would have wanted to celebrate, maybe the greatest European power (on land), namely the Austrian Empire, he certainly would not had chosen the terrible year 1809. What for the military apparatus in Vienna could have been a beginning of a Great Military Reform, the triumph of the Generalissimus Archduke Charles, became one of the worst nightmares of Habsburg history.In short, after a series of unfortunate events and bad military conduct, Austria disappeared from the European scene, losing further important territories but, above all, losing its mighty armies. The author chooses to tell about that period, evaluating the military organization, starting from the recruitment, up to the details of the various units, because that army, was the largest army fielded by Austria before the Great War: man told about 600,000 men, including the Levies of regional volunteers, called Landwehr (in the territories of the Austrian Crown) and Insurrectio (in the territories of the Crown of St. Stephen).Financial hardship had indicated that the increase in the new military Force had to be conducted in a more inexpensive way. The Generalissimus had found the solution with the creation of the Landwehr, in which, in wartime, we could recruit large masses of Wehrfahigen men (suitable for Duty), without having to sustain substantial expenses during the peacetime. In the first month of this year the field units of the army counted 321.469 men with 36.560 sabres, where Fuhrwesen (Train), garrison artillery, Border Cordon troops and Marines (Marineinfanterie) were not included (a total of 21.320 men and 9.461 horses).For the supplement of the war force and the formation of replacements were available:- The first reserve of the German infantry units: 59.800 men- The second reserve of the German infantry units: 73.600 men.For the defence of the inner lands of the monarchy, first acted the Depots of the field regiments, were possible, with an average strength, according to the new system, calculated in 54.000 men and 5.000 horses.In a second time had to act the new-established Landwehr, around 152.219 men, as soon as it would have been better organized. The Hungarian Insurrectio started with 50.000 men and 20.000 horses, while the new formations, mobilized in the Military Border, would have been 44.303 men and 171 horses strong.So Austria entered into war with the most powerful military force of the whole Napoleonic Period (in numbers of fighters), an effort which hardly seemed possible and which surprised the world. Unfortunately its three armies (and the Landwehr) did not surprised Bonaparte, who kicked off Austria from the battlefields till 1813.

The Austrian army 1805-1809 - - vol. 2: Grenzer, landwher & elite forces (History of Soldiers and weapons book)

The Imperial and Royal or Imperial Austrian Army (German: Kaiserlich-königliche Armee, abbreviation "K.K. Armee") was the armed force of the Holy Roman Empire under its last monarch, the Habsburg Emperor Francis II, although in reality, it was nearly all composed of the Habsburg army. When the Holy Roman Empire was dissolved in 1806, it assumed its title of the Army of the Austrian Empire under the same monarch, now known as Emperor Francis I of Austria. The ancient name of "Imperial-Royal Army" was used from 1745, as "Royal" referred to the Apostolic Kingdom of Hungary, which was not part of the Holy Roman Empire, but under Habsburg rule. The key feature of the army of the Austrian Empire during the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars (1792-1815) was that, due to the multi-national nature of the territories, regiments were split into German units (which included Czech-troops recruited from Bohemia, Moravia and Silesia, Polish and Ukrainian units recruited from the territory of Galicia, Flemings and Walloons territory of the former Austrian Netherlands, and Italians) and Hungarian units (which included troops from Croatia and Transylvania).

Austrian Army during the Napoleonic wars 1813-1818: K.K.Oesterreichischen Armee (Soldiers, Weapons & Uniforms NAP)

Cristini, Luca Stefano

The great reorganization of the Cavalry came with the end of the year 1801 and matched in a reduction of the Regiments, with the increase in the number of Squadrons, now eight, in order to form four divisions of two Squadrons each. With the mentioned increase of the divisions, in 1802, every German regiments had a second Major, which fact established the fourth division, as it already was effective among Hussars and Uhlans, calling it the "second majors-division." Each regiment had officially a Leib (1st) or Obrist division, a Lt. Colonel division and the 1st-2nd Major divisions. Curassiers and Dragoons became the official Heavy Cavalry, abandoning the devious term of Light Dragoons, while Chevauxlegers, Hussars and Uhlans became the Light Cavalry. After the 1805 campaign (Verordnung of August 1, 1806), the second Major-divisions were disbanded, in the German Heavy Cavalry regiments, which took again the stand of six squadrons (in War there was always a reserve Escadron acting as a Cadre formation, as before). The uniforms' confusion mounted in 1802, in the occasion of the renewed conversion of some Dragoon Regiments, into Chevauxlegers regiments, when it was prescribed, for both types of branches, the white rock colour and equal Facing either for Dragoons, or for Chevauxlegers Regiments, apart that the former had white buttons, instead of golden ones. But in 1807, again was ordered a green rock colour for three Chevauxlegers regiments. In this somewhat ambiguous manner, the Austrian cavalry entered the 1809 campaign, in which it had multiple opportunities to honor the battlefield. This volume also mentions the various Service's Army Branches, which, in any case, were the most stable structures of K.K Wehrmacht during the Napoleonic Wars.

The Austrian Army 1805-1809 - vol. 3: Cavalry, artillery and other forces (History of Soldiers and weapons book)

La battaglia combattuta a Montaperti tra i guelfi di Firenze e i ghibellini di Siena, con cui combatterono molti cavalieri tedeschi, mandati da re Manfredi di Hohenstaufen, e gli esuli fiorentini di parte ghibellina capeggiati da Farinata degli Uberti nel settembre del 1260 fu una delle più grandi del Medio Evo europeo. L'esercito senese inquadrava 18.000 fanti e 400 cavalieri senesi, oltre a 800 cavalieri tedeschi e ghibellini, più 200 mercenari. I fiorentini, erano 3.000 cavalieri e 30.000 fanti. I caduti fiorentini- escludendo gli alleati guelfi- furono oltre 10.000, una cifra spaventosa su una città di 75.000 abitanti, il 13% della popolazione maschile valida, buona parte dei quali massacrati a battaglia conclusa. La battaglia fu ben più che un episodio come tanti altri delle contese municipali tra le due città toscane: dal trionfo dei fuorusciti derivò la rovina del Popolo Vecchio, il governo nato con la costituzione fiorentina del 1250, e il conseguente ritorno ghibellino sotto le bandiere senesi e sveve, mentre si rialzarono per un momento le estreme fortune della casa di Hohenstaufen

La battaglia di Montaperti vol. 1: Storia e cronaca di una battaglia del duecento (Italian Edition)

Arts & Photography

Romeo di Colloredo Mels, Pierluigi

Venturi, Mario

History & Criticism

Il Duca della Vittoria: Armando Diaz e la relazione ufficiale della battaglia di Vittorio Veneto (Italian Edition)

Der Lange Türkenkrieg (1593-1606) Vol. I (Soldiers&Weapons)

Mugnai, Bruno

Flaherty, Chris

Questo secondo libro sulla Guerra di Sardegna e di Sicilia (1717-1720) (a sua volta diviso in due tomi)si incentra sulla partecipazione dell’esercito spagnolo alla vicende della guerra, combattuta per quasiquattro anni sulle due isole mediterranee, sulla sua organizzazione e le sue uniformi. Il primo volumedella serie (già pubblicato) ha delineato nell’insieme la situazione complessiva entro la quale si sonosvolti gli eventi del conflitto ed ha trattato l’evolversi delle vicende, viste dalla parte sabauda, mentreil terzo volume riguarderà l’esercito austriaco e la flotta britannica.

L'esercito del Regno Italico 1805-14 Vol. 2: La Cavalleria: The Italian Kingdom's army 1805-14 Vol.2 The cavalry (Soldiers & Weapons) (Italian Edition)

This book of rare and restored images is dedicated to the Allied amphibious landing called Operation Shingle started the 22 January 1944, during the Italian Campaign of World War II in the area of Anzio & Nettuno near Rome the Italian capital city. With detailed captions for every photothe book show the history for images of this war operation commenced on 22 Jan 1944, landing 36,000 men and 3,200 vehicles by the end of the day. Opposition was minimal on the first day, and Allied casualties were low, but some days and weeks after...

The battle of Anzio: Operation Shingle January-June 1944

Literature & Fiction

Genre Fiction

This German Turnierbuch manuscript is composed of 112 sheet includes depictions of contestants equipped for various tournaments; a renaissance parade preceding a late form of tournament called a carrousel; This album represent specifically the participants in tournaments known as Gesellenstrechen, or bachelors' jousts, held in Nuremberg (Germany) between 1446 and 1561; We find also depictions of pageant sleighs, some of which were used in a parade held in the winter of 1640-41. The illustrations are probably the work of a renaissance artist or a Briefmaler, a particular letter painter, who also would have written and embellished official documents and painted rich coats-of-arms. In many instances, the names of the tournament participants are written above them. They are armed for the Gestech (German tournament), the joust fought with blunt lances. This rare Turnierbuch such as provide an invaluable record of the jousters' colorful costumes, fanciful crests, and humorous, often satirical emblems that decorated the jouster's shields and horse trappings. This rare manuscript was bought in 1921 by a French collector, and today is part of the MET collection (The Metropolitan Museum of Art of New York). In appendix we have insert 16 wonderful color plates from the German reprint book of 1918: Hans Burgkmair des Jungeren - Turnierbuch vom 1529.

Nuremberg tournaments 1446-1561 (Soldiers, Weapons & Uniforms MED)

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