Environmental Crime: A Sourcebook provides ideas, tools, and data to investigate environmental offenses. Burns and Lynch urge readers to recognize the availability of a wide array of data regarding environmental offenses and provide bibliographic tools to locate this data. They also provide data sets and examples of data available from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and state agencies charged with enforcing environmental laws. Specific sections describe EPA resources, accessing and downloading EPA and other environmental law compliance and violation data, methods of compiling EPA data, actual environmental crime data sets, and research that can be performed using these data. Written in a non-technical manner, the book is designed to provide readers from all backgrounds with an understanding of environmental crime and the avenues by which it can be recognized and researched.

Environmental Crime: A Sourcebook

Lynch, Michael J.

Burns, Ronald G.

Environmental & Natural Resources Law

Lfb Scholarly Pub Llc

Urbina reviews historical relationships between African Americans, Caucasians, and Latinos/Hispanics, proposes the four-threat theory of death sentence outcomes; tests for racial and ethnic effects, and examines the death penalty by the totality of its outcomes. Urbina finds support for orthodox theories of punishment, and partial support for the four-threat theory. This theory suggests that racial and ethnic minorities are not treated the same by the criminal justice system. He also finds that discrimination is not a phenomenon of the past or restricted to commutations and executions; the death penalty must be analyzed by the totality of its outcomes.

Social Equity and the Funding of Community Policing (Criminal Justice)

Gutierrez, Ricky S.

Criminal Law

Guns, Violence, And Identity Among African American And Latino Youth (Criminal Justice)

Wilkinson studies 125 violent African American and Latino males aged 16 to 24 in New York City, analyzing 306 violent situations of which 151 involve guns. The social world of these youths is characterized by violence, internalized street codes, limited opportunities, and the availability of firearms. Violent events are public social performances. These performances often have serious consequences for social identity and personal safety. Wilkinson shows how violence is a resource for gaining/maintaining social identity (masculinity) and status on the street. The dynamic of moving from victim to victimizer is clearly understood in the socio-cultural context of the street. She demonstrates the role that guns play in "empowering" adolescents to engage in conflict outside of age-specific groups.

Guns, Violence, and Identity Among African American and Latino Youth (Criminal Justice)

Politics & Social Sciences

Wilkinson, Deanna L.

Social Sciences

Amponsah studies political defamation laws in the United States, the European Court of Human Rights, the United Kingdom, and Australia. Prevailing jurisprudence of each area weighs political speech against reputation through a preferred balancing approach which gives more protection to political speech. While the different jurisdictions place greater interest in political speech than individual reputation in matters of public concern and governance, all used multiple rationales such as the marketplace of ideas, self-fulfillment, search for truth, and democratic self-government principles to justify protection of political speech. Democratic jurisdictions give heightened protection for political speech by assimilating into their libel laws values embodied in multiple rationales for protecting political speech.

Libel Law, Political Criticism, and Defamation of Public Figures: The United States, Europe, and Australia

Amponsah, Peter N.

Ethics & Professional Responsibility

Archbold presents the findings of the first nationwide study of the use of risk management and police legal advising in some of the largest police agencies in the United States. She discusses the prevalence of risk managers and police legal advisors, factors associated with the adoption, role, and perceived impact of such programs on police liability, professionalism, and accountability. Archbold finds that most law enforcement agencies have adopted police legal advisors and/or risk managers in order to respond to the changes in their work environment. These legal advisors and risk managers work together with police management to modify department policies, training, and supervision over line officers with the aim of reducing liability risks.

Police Accountability, Risk Management, and Legal Advising (Criminal Justice)

Archbold, Carol A.

Braunstein's work explores all aspects of initiative and referendum voting, including the subject matter of proposed laws, their potential costs and benefits, ballot issue campaign finance, and the electoral success for each initiative in California, Colorado, and South Dakota. He tests the validity of competing claims that direct democracy is either the bane of democratic publics or their safeguard. His conclusions demonstrate that voters are more sophisticated than many commentators think, that voting behavior reflects a preference for measures with widely accessible benefits, and that inclusive public policy can result from ballot issue elections - even those funded by organized interests. These findings challenge a perception that special interests, professional consultants, and governing elites dominate direct democracy.

Initiative and Referendum Voting: Governing Through Direct Democracy in the United States (American Legal Institutions)

Braunstein, Richard

Legal History

Payne focuses on the impact of social organization on school disorder. Communal school organization includes supportive relationships among school members, collaboration and participation of these members, and common norms and goals held by the members. This school organization influences student attachment and commitment to the school which, in turn, affects the level of disorder in the school. In addition, she explores the interaction between communal school organization and the size and racial composition of a school finding that communal school organization matters more for schools which are more racially diverse. Her conclusions include the work’s implications for the prevention of delinquency.

School Community and Disorder: Communal Schools, Student Bonding, Delinquency and Victimization (Criminal Justice)

Payne, Allison Ann

Iranian immigrants, new to the United States as a result of Iran's 1979 revolution, bring with them a belief in the importance of education. Second-generation Iranians reveal similar educational values to those their parents held in Iran. This study exemplifies one of the intangible facets of migration, the forces that transcend national boundaries and manifest in newly settled lands. 
Shavarini also describes the immigrant experience of Iranians in general. Despite being depicted as terrorists, Iranians have been a relatively successful immigrant group. This book highlights the educational achievements of its second-generation while illuminating the internal diversity of Iranians, consisting of at least seven religious and ethnic groups.

Educating Immigrants: Experiences of Second Generation Iranians (New Americans)

Shavarini, Mitra K.

Kishinevsky tells the stores of three generations of women who immigrated to the United States from Russia and satellite states, inviting the reader into their reality and presenting their worldviews, attitudes and perspectives through powerful and exciting life stories. She interviewed five triads of immigrant women (retired grandmothers, midlife mothers and teenage daughters). Her analysis of these powerful pieces yields unexpected conclusions about the strength of family ties and intergenerational influences that continue to shape the worldview of young Russian-Americans. The book is written from a multicultural perspective exploring such general issues as acculturation, assimilation and psychological adjustment of immigrants as it applies to the Russian immigrants.

Russian Immigrants in the United States: Adapting to American Culture (New Americans)

Kishinevsky, Vera

Keown-Bomar explores the ways Hmong-Americans use their understandings of kinship and family to cope with personal and social disruptions caused by war, refugee flight, and relocation. She interprets these human relationships with a strong sense of realism, chronicling the strengths of Hmong kin networks and familism, as well as the tensions about gender and generational status. Her work demonstrates that maintenance of cultural values and practices can serve as a means to promote cultural and human survival in tumultuous times. Drawing from what Hmong refugees shared about their own adaptation experiences, Keown-Bomar provides a practical list of suggestions for building culturally responsive social services for refugees and immigrants.

Kinship Networks Among Hmong-American Refugees (New Americans)

Keown-Bomar, Julie

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