In industrialized countries, ischemic heart disease is by far the most common organ-specific cause of death. The thrombotic occlusion of a coronary artery which had previously been severely altered by atherosclerosis, is the most frequent cause of ischemic deterioration of myocardial tissue, i. e. myocardial infarction. Death of the human individual occurs when myocardial ischemia causes a critical impairment of cardiac pump function. The failure of a heart with an ischemic area may be due to the amount and location of contractile tissue becoming paralyzed or even necrotic, or to arrhythmias provoked by the ischemic condition, or by a combination of both factors. Considerable progress has been made in the development of antiarrythmic therapy. Effective tools have been developed to reperfuse ischemic myocar dial tissue as soon as the patient reaches hospital. However, therapeutical principles for the ischemic-reperfused myocardium which would specifically interfere with the state of injury of the ischemic tissue at the onset of reperfusion, and avoid the apparent hazards of the reperfusion process itself, have yet to be established. But not only approved therapeutical concepts are lacking, the pathophysiology of myocardial cell injury in pro gressive ischemia and under reperfusion is in itself only partly understood.

Pathophysiology of Severe Ischemic Myocardial Injury (Developments in Cardiovascular Medicine, 104)

Medical Books

Medicine

Kluwer

Text no 1 Radio Recombination Lines (RRLs), discovered in the USSR in 1964, have become a powerful research tool for astronomers. Available throughout the radio spectrum, these lines carry information regarding the density, temperature, turbulence and velocity of thermal plasmas. Their very existance shows the presence of thermal gas. They also can carry information regarding magnetic fields if Zeeman splitting were to be detected. Containing the proceedings of an IAU Colloquium celebrating the 25th anniversary of their detection, this volume tells us what has happened since. It contains the story of the detection of RRLs and reviews of many areas of physics of the interstellargas from which stars form, HII regions excited by newly formed stars, planetary nebulae involving dying stars, and the structure of our Milky Way and other galaxies reflecting the large-scale morphology of the star formation process. In addition there is an article describing modern laboratory studies of Rydberg atoms to probe the basic physics of atomic structure, and articles describing the theory of collisions and radiation upon Rydberg atoms leading to observate effects to be used as diagnostic tools in astromony. This book focuses on the 25 years of astronomical research with radio recombination lines (RRLs) since their discovery in 1965. It covers a wide range of topics: papers dealing with research into Rydberg atoms both in the laboratory and in the interstellar medium of our galaxy and others; papers on the interaction of radiation and atomic systems, as well as with the effects of inadiabatic collisions between these atoms and both ions and electrons. It deals with astronomical observations of atoms with `diameters' ranging from 0.08 to 50 mum a size factor of 625. It deals with RRLs in absorption, in emission and as true masers. And it deals with plasmas with temperatures ranging from 10 to greater than 104 kelvins, and with an even greater range of volume densities. Much new work is reported, including low frequency RRLs discovered in 1980 and the maser RRLs from the star MWC349, discovered in 1989. The advent of aperture synthesis telescopes and large single-element telescopes have made possible RRL studies with high angular resolution. The sum total of the work reported here will make the volume a platform from which to search new horizons in RRL research.

Radio Recombination Lines: 25 Years of Investigation: Proceeding of the 125th Colloquium of the International Astronomical Union, Held in Puschino, ... (Astrophysics and Space Science Library, 163)

M.A. Gordon

Scientific Progress: A Study Concerning the Nature of the Relation Between Successive Scientific Theories (Synthese Library)

The aim of Synthese Library is to provide a forum for the best current work in the methodology and philosophy of science and in epistemology. A wide variety of different approaches have traditionally been represented in the Library, and every effort will be made to maintain this variety, not for its own sake, but because we believe that there are many fruitful and illuminating approaches to the philosophy of science and related disciplines. Special attention is paid to methodological studies which illustrate the interplay of empirical and philosophical viewpoints and to contributions to the formal (logical, set-theoretical, mathematical, information-theoretical, decision-theoretical, etc.) methodology of empirical sciences. Likewise, the applications of logical methods to epistemology as well as philosophically and methodologically relevant studies in logic are strongly encouraged. The emphasis on logic will be tempered by interest in the psychological, historical, and sociological aspects of science.

Science & Math

Dilworth, Craig

Mathematics

This volume contains the lectures presented at the second course of the International School of Space Chemistry held in Erice (Sicily) from October 20 - 30 1991 at the "E. Majorana Centre for Scientific Culture". The course was attended by 58 participants from 13 countries. The Chemistry of Life's Origins is well recognized as one of the most critical subjects of modem chemistry. Much progress has been made since the amazingly perceptive contributions by Oparin some 70 years ago when he first outlined a possible series of steps starting from simple molecules to basic building blocks and ultimate assembly into simple organisms capable of replicating, catalysis and evolution to higher organisms. The pioneering experiments of Stanley Miller demonstrated already forty years ago how easy it could have been to form the amino acids which are critical to living organisms. However we have since learned and are still learning a great deal more about the primitive conditions on earth which has led us to a rethinking of where and how the condition for prebiotic chemical processes occurred. We have also learned a great deal more about the molecular basis for life. For instance, the existence of DNA was just discovered forty years ago.

The Chemistry of Life's Origin (NATO Science, Series C)

Astronomy & Space Science

This book is based on the contributions to a course, entitled Applied Magnetism, which was the 25th Course of the International School of Materials Science and Technology. The Course was held as a NATO Advanced Study Institute at the Ettore Majorana Centre in Erice, Sicily, Italy between the 1st and 12th July 1992, and attracted almost 70 participants from 15 different countries. The book deals with the theory, experiments and applications of the main topical areas of applied magnetism. These selected areas include the physics of magnetic recording, magnetic and magneto-optic recording devices, systems and media, magnetic fine particles, magnetic separation, domains and domain walls in soft magnetic materials, permanent magnets, magnetoresistance, thin film magneto-optics, and finally, microwave, optical and computational magnetics. The material is organised into I 0 self-contained chapters which together provide a comprehensive coverage of the subject of applied magnetism. The aim is to emphasise the connection between the fundamental theoretical concepts, key experiments and the important technological developments which have been achieved in this field up to the present time. Moreover, when and where possible, pointers to future trends are indicated which hopefully, together with the background material, will promote further advancement of research. The organizing committee would like to acknowledge the sponsorship of the NATO Scientific Affairs Division, the National Science Foundation of the USA, the Science and Engineering Research Council of the UK, the Italian Ministry of Education, the Italian Ministry of University and Scientific Research and the Sicilian Regional Government.

Applied Magnetism (NATO Science Series E:, 253)

Physics

In three volumes, a distinguished group of scholars from a variety of disciplines in the natural and social sciences, the humanities and the arts contribute essays in honor of Robert S. Cohen, on the occasion of his 70th birthday. The range of the essays, as well as their originality, and their critical and historical depth, pay tribute to the extraordinary scope of Professor Cohen's intellectual interests, as a scientist-philosopher and a humanist, and also to his engagement in the world of social and political practice. The essays presented in Physics, Philosophy, and the Scientific Community (Volume I of Essays in Honor of Robert S. Cohen) focus on philosophical and historical issues in contemporary physics: on the origins and conceptual foundations of quantum mechanics, on the reception and understanding of Bohr's and Einstein's work, on the emergence of quantum electrodynamics, and on some of the sharp philosophical and scientific issues that arise in current scientific practice (e.g. in superconductivity research). In addition, several essays deal with critical issues within the philosophy of science, both historical and contemporary: e.g. with Cartesian notions of mechanism in the philosophy of biology; with the language and logic of science - e.g. with new insights concerning the issue of a `physicalistic' language in the arguments of Neurath, Carnap and Wittgenstein; with the notion of `elementary logic'; and with rational and non-rational elements in the history of science. Two original contributions to the history of mathematics and some studies in the comparative sociology of science round off this outstanding collection.

Physics, Philosophy, and the Scientific Community: Essays... in Honor of Robert S. Cohen (Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science, Vol. 163 )

History

Historical Study & Educational Resources

This book is a sequel to The Enigmatic Photon. Volume 1: The Field IX(3) (Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1994), which presented the first systematic development of the fundamental magnetizing field of electromagnetic radiation: the field £Ii£(3). Its 12 chapters collectively describe the properties of Ii(3) in a vacuum and in the interaction of light with matter. The present volume deals with the development of the theory of the Evans--Vigier field Ii(3). It opens with the derivation of the novel field Ii(3) from the Dirac equation of relativistic quantum field theory. The existence of Ii(3) in the vacuum means that the gauge group of electromagnetism becomes 0(3), the group of rotations. This is non-Abelian, and so requires a self-consistent development of the vacuum Maxwell equations themselves. The role of Ii(3) is discussed in unified field theory and quantum electrodynamics. The classical vacuum field Ii(3) is a novel, fundamentally important feature of electrodynamics which indicates that the particulate photon carries mass, thus settling a longstanding debate in favour of protagonists of photon mass. For researchers and graduate students interested in the theory of electromagnetic radiation.

The Enigmatic Photon - Volume 2: Non-Abelian Electrodynamics (FUNDAMENTAL THEORIES OF PHYSICS Volume 68)

Vigier, Jean-Pierre

Evans, Myron

This book deals with the theory of convex and starlike biholomorphic mappings in several complex variables. The underlying theme is the extension to several complex variables of geometric aspects of the classical theory of univalent functions. This is the first book which systematically studies this topic. It gathers together, and presents in a unified manner, the current state of affairs for convex and starlike biholomorphic mappings in several complex variables. The majority of the results presented are due to the author, his co-workers and his students. Audience: This volume will be of interest to research mathematicians whose work involves several complex variables and one complex variable.

Convex and Starlike Mappings in Several Complex Variables (Mathematics and Its Applications, 435)

GONG, SHENG

Computers & Technology

This book deals with linear functional differential equations and operator theory methods for their investigation. The main topics are: the equivalence of the input-output stability of the equation Lx = &amp;mathsf; and the invertibility of the operator L in the class of casual operators; the equivalence of input-output and exponential stability; the equivalence of the dichotomy of solutions for the homogeneous equation Lx = 0 and the invertibility of the operator L; the properties of Green's function; the independence of the stability of an equation from the norm on the space of solutions; shift invariant functional differential equations in Banach space; the possibility of the reduction of an equation of neutral type to an equation of retarded type; special full subalgebras of integral and difference operators, and operators with unbounded memory; and the analogue of Fredholm's alternative for operators with almost periodic coefficients where one-sided invertibility implies two-sided invertibility. Audience: This monograph will be of interest to students and researchers working in functional differential equations and operator theory and is recommended for graduate level courses.

Functional Differential Operators and Equations (Mathematics and Its Applications, 473)

Kurbatov, U.G.

Heat transfer enhancement in single-phase and two-phase flow heat exchangers in important in such industrial applications as power generating plant, process and chemical industry, heating, ventilation, air conditioning and refrigeration systems, and the cooling of electronic equipment. Energy savings are of primary importance in the design of such systems, leading to more efficient, environmentally friendly devices. This book provides invaluable information for such purposes.

Heat Transfer Enhancement of Heat Exchangers (NATO ASI Series E - Vol 355)

Engineering & Transportation

Automotive

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