Direct Reduced Iron: Technology and Economics of Production and Use

Donald R. Mac Rae

Iron & Steel Society

Continuous Casting: The Application of Electromagnetic Stirring (Ems in the Continuous Casting of Steel)

Science & Math

Technology

Continuous Casting: Heat Flow, Solidification and Crack Formation

Lait, J. E.

Brimacombe, J. K.

Samarasedera, I. V.

Mixed Gas Blowing (Proceedings of the 4th Process Technology Conference, Vol 4)

Process Technology Conference

Electric Furnace Steelmaking

Taylor, Charles R.

<p>From author's Foreward: Recently, there has been a greater demand on steelmakers to produce cleaner steels with fewer inclusions and lower sulfur contents. In addition, the increase in the use of continuous casters has required closer control of the temperature and the composition of the steel. Casters also require the steelmaker to modify inclusions so that the steel can be cast without clogging pouring nozzles. These requirements have led to the development of many processes which are carried out in the ladle. The processes range from simple argon bubbling to sophisticated ladle refining furnaces with injection and vacuum capabilities. This family of processes has been call- ed "ladle metallurgy." It is the purpose of this book to discuss the basic principles of ladle metallurgy and to describe and analyze the actual practices. The ultimate objectives are to help in the understanding of the processes, to help in choos- ing a process to achieve defined metallurgical goals and to optimize these processes. The basic principles are stressed because whereas the actual prac- tices may vary or change, the basic chemistry and process dynamics will not. Also, improvements to existing processes can be made if one understands the basic principles. Table of contents includes sections labeled: Introduction: Why Ladle Metallurgy, Thermodynamics of Ladle, Fluid Flow and Process Dynamics, Slag Retention, Deoxidation, and Synthetic Slag Processes, Injection Ladle Metallurgy, Arc Heated Ladle Furnaces and Processes, Rare Earths, Calcium Wire Injection, and Special Refining Systems, and Process Considerations and Selection.   Includes appendixes of articles.</p>

Ladle Metallurgy Principles and Practices

Fruehan, Richard J.

Continuous Casting: Design and Operations Volume IV (4)

L.J. Heaslip

Continuous Casting: Horizontal Continuous Casting, Vol. V

Work for Hire

Steelmaking Conference Proceedings, Vol. 71: Toronto, Ontario Canada 1988

Iron and Steel Society

Rolls for the Metal Working Industries (Order #Br22/114)

Business & Money

Association for Iron & Steel Technology

Economics

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