The Catholic Church in Australia: A short history, 1788-1967

O'Farrell, Patrick James

Chapman

In the second century, Galen recognized that nerve and muscle were functionally inseparable since contraction of muscle occurred only if the nerves supplying that muscle were intact. He therefore concluded that the shortening of a muscle was controlled by the central nervous sytem while the extension of a muscle could occur in the absence of innervation. Nerves, he thought, were the means of transport for animal spirits to the muscles; the way in which animal spirits may bring about contraction dominated the study of muscle physiology from that time until the historical discovery of Galvani that muscle could be stimulated electrically and that nerve and muscle were themselves a source of electrical energy. It is now well known that nerves conduct electrically and that transmission from nerve to striated muscle is mediated by the chemical which is liberated from nerve terminals onto the muscle membrane. In vertebrates this chemical is acetylcholine (ACh). Thus the concept of spirits that are released from nerves and control muscle contraction directly, is no longer tenable. Nevertheless the concept of 'substances' transported down nerv~s which directly control many aspects of muscle has not been abandoned, and has in fact been frequently reinvoked to account for the long-term regula­ tion of many characteristics of muscle (see review by Gutmann, 1976) and for the maintenance of its structural integrity.

Nerve-Muscle Interaction

Science & Math

Vrbova, Gerta, Tessa Gordon and Rosemary Jones

Mathematics

There have been at least ten English-language textbooks of palaeobotany since D. H. Scott published the first edition of Studies inFossilBotany in 1900. Most have been written by scientists who were primarily botanists by training, and were aimed largely at a readership familiar with living plants. They tended to follow a general pattern of an introductory chapter on preservation of plants as fossils, followed by a systematic treatment, group by group. Only Seward in his Plant Life Through the Ages departed from this pattern in presenting a chronological sequence. In the present book, Meyen breaks with?is tradition. Although having a basically biological approach, he reaches out into all aspects of the history of plant life and the wider implication of its study. Only half of the present work deals sequentially with fossil plant groups, treated systematically. The remainder then explores those topics which most other textbooks have incidentally??e generally either ignored or have only mentioned rather problems of naming and classifying fragmentary plant fossils, their ecology; biogeography and palaeoclimatic significance and the contribution that?ey have made to the understanding of living plant morphology, and of the process of evolution.

Fundamentals of Palaeobotany

Meyen

Earth Sciences

The Gangan Fuit (Chapman New Writing Series)

Literature & Fiction

McDonald, Ellie

Poetry

Gold of Kildonan / Songs of the Grey Coast

Gunn, George

Dramas & Plays

Chapman 76: The Women's Forum. Women in the Arts in Scotland

Reference

Ian Hamilton Finlay (Chapman Magazine)

Joy Hendry (Editor)

Alec Finlay (Editor)

<p>Michael Forsyth finally decrees that the Stone of Destiny will return to Scotland! John Ritchie and Robert Brydon provide a humorous but critical view of this relocation . Aonghas Macneacail s poem lia fil and an update by John Hamilton of the Wee Magic Stane song also celebrate the Stane. Brent Hodgson and Hamish Wallochie s daft Scots poems contrast with Donald Murray s stories about Scottish life as seen by Gorbachov and J Edgar Hoover! New work by George Bruce, W N Herbert, Yvonne Claire, Jenni Daiches, Peter McCarey etc.</p>

Stoned Alive! - 85 (Chapman Magazine)

History & Criticism

Ronald Stevenson - 89-90 (Chapman Magazine) (Chapman New Writing)

Gerda Stevenson

Kenneth White

malcolm-macdonald

Peter France

Angus Dunn

Eddie McGuire

Jamie Reid Baxter

Ruzena Wood

John Purser

Alexander Moffat

John Bellany

Wilson McLeod

Aonghas MacNeacail

Robert Dawson Scott

A collection of favorite recipes from the 102nd Congress, Governors, and prominent Republicans of the United States of America.

What's Cookin' With The Republicans

See the best price to sell, buy or rent books by the Chapman publisher. BookScouter helps to compare book prices from 25+ online bookstores and 30+ buyback vendors with a single search.

Books by Chapman