Trade and Environment

T.M.C.Asset Institute

Cameron May

The Global Merger Notification Handbook (2nd Edition)

The global merger notification handbook

Unknown, Author

Liberalisation & Protectionism in the World Trading System (2nd WTLA Year Book)

Masa¿deh, Ahmad

Masadeh, Ahmad

Our consumption of electricity and gas is growing. Equally steady is the growth of transborder trade and the need for investment in both sectors. In view of these phenomena, the question as to the legal framework for such transactions arises. Which problems appear, where are gaps in the legal set-up, which developments are to be envisaged? Regulators acting in the field of energy are faced with three objectives: security of supply, efficient use of market forces, and environmental concerns. International trade law aims to establish and maintain unfettered international trade. International investment law intends to enable and to protect foreign investment. In this situation, a balancing of these diverse goals is required. This work examines the legal framework for such balancing exercises by describing and analysing the international rules applicable to trade in electricity and gas. Asking these questions is not only of value because of the extremely high economic significance of electricity and gas and the consequentially high potential for conflicts. The application of the current law on international trade and investment to electricity and gas also offers the possibility of discussing some of the most fascinating questions of both bodies of law. Finally, the current political discussion on both issues is very dynamic and needs to be considered as well. Departing from a description of the technical and economic characteristics of network dependent energies, the book offers a critical analysis of the international rules applicable to trade and investment in electricity and gas. While focussing on the agreements administered by the World Trade Organisation (WTO), other agreements such as the Energy Charter Treaty and the North American Free Trade Agreement are also taken into account. Examples modelled on real cases illustrate the application of the international rules.

Trade and Energy

Lars Albath

This is a selection of articles published in English by Jacques H.J. Bourgeois, who as former official of the European Commission and now as a practicing lawyer dealt with GATT and WTO and EU trade policy matters and who also managed to lecture and teach on these matters. The selected articles cover various topics related to WTO law, ranging from some principles of WTO law, the WTO dispute settlement system as seen from the Bar, how it operated in one particular area, the use of a “waiver” in the area of TRIPs and health, to whether direct taxation is covered by the WTO, and to connected EC trade policy aspects, such as powers, the effect of WTO law in the EC legal system, the EC's first regulation on “illicit trade practices”, the relationship between EC trade policy and other policies and to the cost and benefits of EC trade measures.

Trade Law Experienced: Pottering About in the GATT and WTO

Jacques Bourgeois

In addition to pulling together some of the best existing literature from authors such as Ronald Mitchell, Kal Raustiala, Clifford Rechtschaffen, Peter Sand, Anne-Marie Slaughter, Oran Young, and others, Making Law Work features original works by several leading practitioners, including: K. Madhava Sarma, Elizabeth Mrema, Carl Bruch, Romina Picolotti, David Hunter, Annette Killmer, Georges Kremlis, Jan Dusik, Paul Leinster, Jim Gray, Chris Howes, Rosie Clark, Michael Stahl, Lawrence Pratt, and Carolina Mauri.

Making Law Work: Environmental Compliance and Sustainable Development 2 Vol. set

Durwood Zaelke

Intellectual Property Protection in WTO Law

Thomas Cottier

Intellectual Property

This book is the first comprehensive analysis of the regulatory framework for carbon trading in Europe. It brings together in one volume the first full legal analysis of EU and UK law relating to the EU emissions trading scheme, and all the legislative materials necessary to understand this innovative and complex area of environmental law. It also includes the first published legal account of the UK s ground-breaking use of market-based instruments to address climate change: the Climate Change Agreements and the UK Emissions Trading Scheme. There has been an exponential growth in international interest and investment in carbon finance since the launch of the EU emissions trading scheme in 2005. In 2005 alone, the value of the European carbon market is estimated to have been more than 5bn. With emissions trading schemes under development across the world, the EU scheme will act not only as the prototype for the design of other schemes but is also emerging as the centre of the global carbon market. This book provides both practitioners and policy makers with the comprehensive materials necessary to gain a full understanding of the EU scheme and related UK domestic instruments. It is an essential companion for any professional advising on carbon trading in the UK or EU and a user-friendly reference tool for lawyers, carbon traders, and those working in regulated industries and financial institutions with an interest in carbon finance. It also provides an invaluable set of materials and lessons learned for policy makers and industry in jurisdictions where carbon trading are under development and for those with an interest in the use of market-based mechanisms to address other environmental problems.

Climate Change Law: Emissions Trading in the EU and the UK

J. Robinson

J. Barton

C. Doswell

Reference

The Crime of Genocide in International Law offers a comprehensive evaluation of the contribution of the UN International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda to the development of the crime of genocide. The author s analysis of ICTR jurisprudence and other relevant sources, reveal the pioneering role of the Court in establishing the contours of the crime. In appraising the ICTR s contribution against the backdrop of limited treaty definition of genocide, and absence of judicial or other precedents, this book examines, amongst other things, the constituent elements of the crime including the actus reus, specific intent and whether all modes of criminal responsibility including Joint Criminal Enterprise, equally apply to all genocidal acts. The book also addresses specific contextual issues surrounding the Tutsis, the victims of atrocities in Rwanda during the 1990s, asking whether they qualify as a protected group under the definition of genocide. More broadly, the author discusses whether it is possible to reconcile cumulative charges of genocide with crimes against humanity and war crimes. George Mugwanya begins with the background to the creation, mandate and functioning of the ICTR. This is followed by an evaluation of the ICTR s contribution to the development of international law on the crime of genocide with respect to the notion of group that forms part of the definition of the crime, as well as the actus reus of the crime. The mens rea of genocide, along with the constituent elements of the other acts of genocide, are appraised in chapters 4 and 5 respectively. Chapter 6 proceeds to cover the contribution of the Tribunal with respect to some issues pertinent to the prosecution of genocide, such as charging genocide, defences and sentencing following conviction for the crime. Chapter 7 consists of general conclusions.

The Crime of Genocide in International Law: Appraising the Contribution of the UN Tribunal for Rwanda

George William Mugwanya

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Books by Cameron May