Petit Apartheid in the U.S. Criminal Justice System: The Dark Figure of Racism

In criminology the term "dark figure" typically refers to a crime that is not included in official justice statistics; Milovanovic (Northeastern Illinois U.) and Russell (U. of Maryland) use it to refer to racially motivated processes within the US justice system that have escaped official record-keeping and thus analysis. The eight papers they have collected call attention to some of the subtle ways that racism occurs across the system, such as racial profiling, police officers' insulting behavior toward black suspects before arrest, and the use of derogatory racial imagery by prosecutors. Annotation c. Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)