Industrial Espionage and Technology Transfer: Britain and France in the Eighteenth Century

Britain and Europe were the leading industrial nations in 18th-century Europe. This text examines the rivalry which existed between the two nations and the methods used by France to obtain the skilled manpower and technology which had given Britain the edge, particularly in the new coal-based technologies. Despite the British Act of 1719 which outlawed industrial espionage and technology transfer, France continued to bring key industrial workers from Britain and to acquire British machinery and production methods. Drawing on archival material, John Harris investigates the nature and application of British laws and the attitudes of some major British industrialists to these issues. He also discusses the extent to which French espionage had any real success.