Orientalism Postmodernism Cl

It is often thought that the development of capitalism and the modernization of culture have brought about a profound decline of religious belief and commitment. The history of Christianity in the last two decades appears to be a good illustration of this general process of secularization, with the undermining of belief and commitment as Western cultures became industrial and urban. However, in the 20th century we have seen that Islam continues to be a dominant force in politics and culture, not only in the East but in Western society. The strength of Islam raises fundamental questions about the nature of modern culture. At the same time, there has been much discussion about the so-called postmodernization of cultures, suggesting a decline in high culture, a pluralization of lifestyle, celebration of cultural difference and a new emphasis in consumerism and simulation, parody and irony.