Virtual Reality: Scientific and Technological Challenges

Despite widespread interest in virtual reality, research and development efforts in synthetic environments (SE)--the field encompassing virtual environments, teleoperation, and hybrids--have remained fragmented. Virtual Reality is the first integrated treatment of the topic, presenting current knowledge along with thought-provoking vignettes about a future where SE is commonplace. This volume discusses all aspects of creating a system that will allow human operators to see, hear, smell, taste, move about, give commands, respond to conditions, and manipulate objects effectively in a real or virtual environment. The committee of computer scientists, engineers, and psychologists on the leading edge of SE development explores the potential applications of SE in the areas of manufacturing, medicine, education, training, scientific visualization, and teleoperation in hazardous environments. The committee also offers recommendations for development of improved SE technology, needed studies of human behavior and evaluation of SE systems, and government policy and infrastructure. Table of ContentsFRONT MATTERExecutive SummaryPART I OVERVIEWPART II RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY1 Some Psychological Considerations2 The Visual Channel3 The Auditory Channel4 Haptic Interfaces5 Position Tracking and Mapping6 Whole-Body Motion, Motion Sickness, and Locomotion Interfaces7 Speech, Physiology, and Other Interface Components8 Computer Hardware and Software for the Generation of Virtual Environments9 Telerobotics10 Networking and Communications11 Evaluation of Synthetic Environment SystemsPART III APPLICATIONS12 Specific Applications of SE SystemsReferencesAPPENDIXESA Biographical SketchesB ContributorsIndex