Physics of Cryogenics: An Ultralow Temperature Phenomenon discusses the significant number of advances that have been made during the last few years in a variety of cryocoolers, such as Brayton, Joule-Thomson, Stirling, pulse tube, Gifford-McMahon and magnetic refrigerators. The book reviews various approaches taken to improve reliability, a major driving force for new research areas. The advantages and disadvantages of different cycles are compared, and the latest improvements in each of these cryocoolers is discussed. The book starts with the thermodynamic fundamentals, followed by the definition of cryogenic and the associated science behind low temperature phenomena and properties. This book is an ideal resource for scientists, engineers and graduate and senior undergraduate students who need a better understanding of the science of cryogenics and related thermodynamics. Defines the fundamentals of thermodynamics that are associated with cryogenic processesProvides an overview of the history of the development of cryogenic technologyIncludes new, low temperature tables written by the authorDeals with the application of cryogenics to preserve objects at very low temperatureExplains how cryogenic phenomena work for human cell and human body preservations and new medical approaches

Physics of Cryogenics: An Ultralow Temperature Phenomenon

Science & Math

Zohuri, Bahman

Chemistry

Elsevier

Functionality, Advancements and Industrial Applications of Heat Pipes introduces heat pipe technologies and highlights a variety of applications for passive thermal control. The book begins with a thorough analysis of heat pipe infrastructure, including principles of operation, temperature limits, reliability and lessons learned from worked examples and case studies. It also presents a concise design guideline for the assembly of heat pipes. The second part moves on to consider a variety of modern day applications for the heat pipe principles discussed, covering nuclear and solar thermal energy engineering facilities as well as applications in space, in the sea and in the air. A final section works through manufacturing elements of different types of heat pipe to ensure they are well maintained and remain fully operational. This section includes the cleaning of parts, the assembly of the heat pipe, an analysis of gas blockages and how to deal with them, as well as performance versification.

Functionality, Advancements and Industrial Applications of Heat Pipes

Business & Money

Industries

Academic Press

Introduction to Energy Essentials: Insight into Nuclear, Renewable, and Non-Renewable Energies

McDaniel, Patrick J.

Technology

Understanding the evolution and advances of energy conversion is critical to meet today's energy demands while lowering emissions in the fight against climate change. One advancement within nuclear plants that continues to gain interest is molten salt reactors and integrated molten salt reactors, which are the new proposed generation IV small modular reactors. To get up to speed on the latest technology, Molten Salt Reactors and Integrated Molten Salt Reactors: Integrated Power Conversion delivers a critical reference covering the main steps for the application of these reactors. Creating a more environmentally friendly energy production methodology, the reference reviews the past, current, and future states of the reactors including pros and cons, designs and safety features involved, and additional references. Included in the reference is a new approach to energy conversion technology, including coverage on material, economic, and technical challenges towards waste heat recovery, power conversion systems, and advanced computational materials proposed for generation IV systems. Advanced nuclear open air-brayton cycles are also included for higher efficiency. Rounding out with guidance on avoiding salt freezing and salt cleanup for fission and fusion reactors, Molten Salt Reactors and Integrated Molten Salt Reactors: Integrated Power Conversion provides today's nuclear engineer and power plant engineer with the impactful content of rising efficiency in molten salt reactors, ultimately leading to more efficient and affordable electricity.

Molten Salt Reactors and Integrated Molten Salt Reactors: Integrated Power Conversion

Knowledge is Power in Four Dimensions: Models to Forecast Future Paradigms, Forecasting Energy for Tomorrow's World with Mathematical Modeling and Python Programming Driven Artificial Intelligence delivers knowledge on key infrastructure topics in both AI technology and energy. Sections lay the groundwork for tomorrow's computing functionality, starting with how to build a Business Resilience System (BRS), data warehousing, data management, and fuzzy logic. Subsequent chapters dive into the impact of energy on economic development and the environment and mathematical modeling, including energy forecasting and engineering statistics.&nbsp; Energy examples are included for application and learning opportunities. A final section deliver the most advanced content on artificial intelligence with the integration of machine learning and deep learning as a tool to forecast and make energy predictions. The reference covers many introductory programming tools, such as Python, Scikit, TensorFlow and Kera.

Knowledge is Power in Four Dimensions: Models to Forecast Future Paradigm: With Artificial Intelligence Integration in Energy and Other Use Cases

Rahmani, Farhang Mossavar

Behgounia, Farahnaz

Transcranial Magnetic and Electrical Brain Stimulation for Neurological Disorders examines the non-invasive application of electrical stimulation of the brain to treat neurological disorders, and to enhance individual/group performance. This volume discusses emerging electro-technologies such as transcranial direct current/alternating current electric fields and pulsed magnetic fields to treat many of these common medical problems. Chapters begin by examining foundations of electromagnetic theory and wave equations that underly these technologies before discussing methods to treat disorders, the impact of technology and mental health and artificial intelligence. 
Discussing over 40 neurological diseases, this book presents coverage of techniques to treat stroke, epilepsy, Alzheimer’s Disease, Parkinson’s Disease, Huntington’s Disease, depression, schizophrenia, and many other diseases of the nervous system. Compares techniques so users can select ideal methods for their experiment Provides a focused tutorial introduction to core diseases of the nervous system, including stroke, epilepsy, Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, head and spinal cord trauma, schizophrenia, and more Covers more than 40 diseases, from foundational science to the best treatment protocols Includes discussions of translational research, drug discovery, personalized medicine, ethics and neuroscience Provides walk-through boxes that guide students step-by-step through the experiment

Transcranial Magnetic and Electrical Brain Stimulation for Neurological Disorders

Biological Sciences

Nuclear engineers advancing the energy transition are understanding more about the next generation of nuclear plants; however, it is still difficult to access all the critical types, concepts, and applications in one location. Advanced Reactor Concepts (ARC): A New Nuclear Power Plant Perspective Producing Energy gives engineers and nuclear engineering researchers the comprehensive tools to get up to date on the latest technology supporting generation IV nuclear plant systems. After providing a brief history of this area, alternative technology is discussed such as electromagnetic pumps, heat pipes as control devices, Nuclear Air-Brayton Combined Cycles integration, and instrumentation helping nuclear plants to provide dispatchable electricity to the grid and heat to industry. Packed with examples of all the types, benefits, and challenges involved, Advanced Reactor Concepts (ARC) delivers the go-to reference that engineers need to advance safe nuclear energy as a low-carbon option.

Advanced Reactor Concepts (ARC): A New Nuclear Power Plant Perspective Producing Energy

Engineering & Transportation

Zamani Paydar, Ali

Kamal Mousavi Balgehshiri, Seyed

Engineering

With its unique ability to transfer heat over large distances with minimal loss, the heat pipe has emerged as a proven environmentally friendly, energy-saving solution for passive thermal control. However, until recently, the high cost and complex construction use of these marvelous mechanisms has generally limited their use to space technology. Written by a former senior chief scientist at Lockheed who has also worked for Westinghouse and the U.S Air Force, Heat Pipe Design and Technology: A Practical Approach provides a practical study of modern heat pipe engineering in nuclear and solar energy applications, discussing how it can be optimized and made more cost-effective for use on a wider scale. An introduction to operational and design principles, this book explores the use of heat pipes, particularly in high-heat flux applications and in situations in which there is any combination of non-uniform heat loading, limited airflow over the heat generating components, and space or weight constraints. It also discusses design and application of self-controlled, variable-conductance heat pipes for thermal control in spacecraft. Offering a review of heat and mass transfer theory relevant to performance, the book covers issues that can affect successful heat pipe operation, including:    Balancing of heat pipe loads    Compatibility of materials   Operating temperature range   Power limitations   Thermal resistance   Operating orientation   With its presentation of mathematical models to calculate heat transfer limitations and temperature gradient of both high- and low-temperature heat pipes, the book compares calculated results with the available experimental data from various sources to increase confidence in existing models. It also explains where and how readers can access helpful interactive computer codes and a series of computer programs developed by the author to support presented data, aid design, and predict performance.

Heat Pipe Design and Technology: A Practical Approach

Physics

CRC-Press

Dimensional analysis is routinely used to check the plausibility of derived equations and computations and to form reasonable hypotheses about complex physical situations. Providing a concise and accessible overview of key concepts in dimensional analysis, this book uses engineering and science cases and examples to show the practical use of dimensional analysis and self-similarity methods in solving complex problems. The text presents all of the mathematical steps along with the main equations. The appendix includes two detailed case studies. In addition, the author integrates numerous part figures as well as photos with the examples and cases.

Dimensional Analysis and Self-Similarity Methods for Engineers and Scientists

Mathematics

High Energy Laser (HEL): Tomorrow's Weapon in Directed Energy Weapons Volume I

Directed Energy Weapons is nothing new to mankind, historically the origination of such weapons falls in centuries ago when first time the famous Greek mathematician, physicist, engineer, inventor, and astronomer Archimedes of Syracuse used different mirrors to collect sunbeams and focusing them on Roman's fleet in order to destroy enemy ships with fire. This is known as the Archimedes Heat Ray. Archimedes may have used mirrors acting collectively as a parabolic reflector to burn ships attacking Syracuse. The device was used to focus sunlight onto approaching ships, causing them to catch fire. Of course the myth or reality of Archimedes Heat Ray still is a questionable story, but certain experiments with the help of a group of students from Massachusetts Institute of Technology was carried out with 127 one-foot (30 cm) square mirror tiles in October of 2005 that was focused on a mock-up wooden ship at a range of around 100 feet (30 m). The flames broke out on a patch of the ship, but only after the sky had been cloudless and the ship had remained stationary for around ten minutes. It was concluded the device was a feasible weapon under these conditions.

Education & Teaching

Schools & Teaching

Trafford

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