This comprehensive database on physical properties of pure ionic liquids (ILs) contains data collected from 269 peer-reviewed papers in the period from 1982 to June 2008. There are more than 9,400 data points on the 29 kinds of physicochemical properties for 1886 available ionic liquids, from which 807 kinds of cations and 185 kinds of anions were extracted. This book includes nearly all known pure ILs and their known physicochemical properties through June 2008. In addition, the authors incorporate the main applications of individual ILs and a large number of references.Nearly 50 tables include typical data, experimental and modelling or simulation comparison, and model parameters, enhancing the application of ILs100 figures--from QSPR, EOS and gE models to quantum and molecular simulations--help readers understand ILs at molecular levelApplications illustrate the role of IL properties in industry, in particular the development of novel clean processes and products

Ionic Liquids: Physicochemical Properties

Science & Math

Zhang, Suojiang

Lu, Xingmei

Zhou, Qing

Li, Xiaohua

Zhang, Xiangping

Li, Shucai

Chemistry

Elsevier Science

<p>Adolescence is often thought of as a period during which parent–child interactions can be relatively stressed and conflictual. There are individual differences in this regard, however, with only a modest percent of youth experiencing extremely conflictual relationships with their parents. Relatively little empirical research, however, addresses individual differences in the quality of parent–adolescent interactions concerning potentially conflictual issues. The research reported in this monograph examined dispositional and parenting predictors of the quality of parents’ and their adolescent children’s emotional displays and positive and negative verbalizations when dealing with conflictual issues. Of particular interest were patterns of continuity and discontinuity in the factors related to conflicts. A multimethod, multireporter (mother, teacher, and sometimes adolescent reports) longitudinal approach(over 4 years) was used to assess adolescents’ dispositional characteristics (control/regulation, resiliency, and negative emotionality), youths’ externalizing problems, and parenting variables (warmth, positive expressivity, discussion of emotion, positive and negative family expressivity). Parentadolescent conflicts appear to be influenced by both child characteristics and quality of prior and concurrent parenting, and child effects may be more evident than parent effects in this pattern of relations.</p>

Understanding Mother-Adolescent Conflict Discussions: Concurrent and Across-Time Prediction from Youths' Dispositions andParenting (Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development)

Health, Fitness & Dieting

Eisenberg, Nancy

Maxon, Elizabeth

Gershoff, Elizabeth T.

Hofer, Claire

Spinrad, Tracy L.

Valiente, Carlos

Cumberland, Amanda

Liew, Jeffrey

Reiser, Mark

Psychology & Counseling

Wiley/Blackwell

Discusses the relations among the three fundamental life activities: growth, maintenance and reproduction in Paphiopedilum armeniacum (Orchidaceae), with a focus on plant propagation. This book also covers the biological and ecological characteristics of Paphiopedilum armeniacum, and the population performance in different vegetation patterns.

The Reproduction Strategy of Paphiopedilum Armeniacum Orchidacae

Liu, Zhongjian

Chen, Lijun

Biological Sciences

Nova Science Pub Inc

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