<p>The increasing concern about CO2 emissions and energy prices has led to new CO2 emission and fuel economy legislation being introduced in world regions served by the automotive industry. In response, automotive manufacturers and Tier-1 suppliers are developing a new generation of internal combustion (IC) engines with ultra-low emissions and high fuel efficiency. To further this development, a better understanding is needed of the combustion and pollutant formation processes in IC engines. As efficiency and emission abatement processes have reached points of diminishing returns, there is more of a need to make measurements inside the combustion chamber, where the combustion and pollutant formation processes take place. However, there is currently no good overview of how to make these measurements. Based on the author s previous SAE book, Engine Combustion Instrumentation and Diagnostics, this book focuses on laser-based optical techniques for combustion flows and in-cylinder measurements. Included are new chapters on optical engines and optical equipment, case studies, and an updated description of each technique. The purpose of this book is to provide, in one publication, an introduction to experimental techniques that are best suited for in-cylinder engine combustion measurements. It provides sufficient details for readers to set up and apply these techniques to IC engines and combustion flows.</p>

Laser Diagnostics and Optical Measurement Techniques in Internal Combustion Engines

Engineering & Transportation

Zhao, Hua

Automotive

Society of Automotive Engineers

Chinese Painting and Calligraphy: 5th Century B.C. to 20th Century A.D.

China Books & Periodicals

疯狂外星人(3北极通缉令)

浙江文艺出版社

疯狂外星人(4小猪的宠物)

疯狂外星人(2长城砖)

Several Intuitionistic Fuzzy Multi-Attribute Decision Making Methods and Their Applications (Uncertainty and Operations Research)

<p>This book introduces readers to the latest advances in and approaches to intuitionistic fuzzy decision-making methods. To do so, it explores a range of applications to practical decision-making problems, together with representative case studies. Examining a host of decision-making methods, most of which are based on intuitionistic fuzzy aggregation operators, its goal is to offer readers a new way to study decision-making methods in the intuitionistic fuzzy environment. Chiefly intended for practitioners and researchers working in the areas of risk management, decision-making under uncertainty, and operational research, the book can also be used as supplementary material for graduate and senior undergraduate courses in these areas.</p>

Business & Money

Xu, Zeshui

Hao, Zhinan

Economics

Springer

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