Cross-border health care is a growing phenomenon in the European Union. When in need of medical treatment, patients increasingly act as informed consumers who claim the right to choose their own providers, including those beyond borders. They are supported and encouraged by factors such as the Internet and more internationally trained health professionals, and often motivated by dissatisfaction with health care provision in their home country. Some authorities and health insurers even contract with health care providers abroad or inform patients of such options. Cross-border health care also encompasses doctors and nurses, who train and work abroad and increasingly cooperate with colleagues abroad. In some cases, health services themselves cross borders―through telemedicine―or providers collaborate with financing institutions in other countries. This book explores these trends, looks at the legal framework and examines the legal uncertainties surrounding rights, access, reimbursement, quality and safety. It examines different approaches to these concerns and the methodologies used to ease or resolve them. The information and analysis presented mark an important step in the continuing debate on a legal framework for cross-border health care and will be of considerable use to policy-makers and those with an interest in key aspects of cross-border health care.

Cross-border Health Care in the European Union: Mapping and Analysing Practices and Policies (Observatory Studies Series, 22)

Figueras, J.

Wismar, Matthias

Palm, Willy

Ernst, K.

van Ginneken, E.

Health, Fitness & Dieting

World Health Organization

Many of the policies and programs that affect health originate outside the health sector. Governments therefore need to address population health using a strategy or policy principle that fosters intersectoral action. Health in all policies (HiAP) does just that, encouraging intersectoral approaches to management, coordination and action. This publication captures the research on how intersectoral governance structures operate to help deliver HiAP. It offers a framework for assessing: * how governments and ministries can initiate action, and * how intersectoral governance structures can be successfully established, used and sustained. This publication provides accessible and relevant examples to inform policy-makers of the governance tools and instruments available and equip them for intersectoral action. The European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies and the International Union for Health Promotion and Education have worked with more than 40 contributors to explore the rationale, theory and evidence for intersectoral governance. This publication contains over 20 mini case studies from Europe, the Americas, Asia and Australia on how countries currently use intersectoral governance for HiAP in their different contexts. It also highlights nine key intersectoral structures and sets out how they facilitate intersectoral action, including: * cabinet committees and secretariats * parliamentary committees * interdepartmental committees and units * mega-ministries and mergers * joint budgeting * delegated financing, and * public, stakeholder and industry engagement.

Intersectoral Governance for Health In All Policies: Structures, Actions and Experiences (Observatory Studies Series, 26)

Medical Books

Davies, M.

McQueen, D.V.

Lin, V.

Jones, C.M.

Administration & Medicine Economics

Health targets can help to improve the governance of health systems. They express a commitment to achieve specified outputs over a defined period, and allow progress towards broad goals and objectives to be monitored. They may be quantitative or qualitative, and based on outcomes or processes.This book draws on a series of case studies on the use of health targets, written by experts from Catalonia (Spain), England (United Kingdom), Flanders (Belgium), France, Germany, Hungary and the Russian Federation. It reviews the major technical, managerial and political challenges of defining and implementing health targets. While they help focus attention on agreed goals, to realize their potential they need to be based on evidence, accepted by those who work to achieve them, be embedded in frameworks of mutual accountability, linked to appropriate incentives and/or sanctions and supported by an adequate intelligence infrastructure.The experiences of these countries and regions can serve as examples to all those in government who strive to improve the performance of their health systems.

Health Targets in Europe: Learning from Experience (A EURO Publication)

McKee,Martin

Ernst, Kelly

Busse, Reinhard

Srivastava, Divya

Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) can make a vital contribution to public health and health systems, but harnessing their potential is complex in a Europe where government-CSO relations vary so profoundly. This study is intended to outline some of the challenges and assist policy-makers in furthering their understanding of the part CSOs can play in tandem and alongside government. To this end it analyzes existing evidence and draws on a set of seven thematic chapters and six mini case studies. They examine experiences from Austria, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Belgium, Cyprus, Finland, Germany, Malta, the Netherlands, Poland, the Russian Federation, Slovenia, Turkey and the European Union and make use of a single assessment framework to understand the diverse contexts in which CSOs operate.The evidence shows that CSOs are ubiquitous, varied and beneficial, and the topics covered in this study reflect such diversity of aims and means: anti-tobacco advocacy, food banks, refugee health, HIV/AIDS prevention and cure, and social partnership. CSOs make a substantial contribution to public health and health systems with regards to policy development, service delivery and governance. This includes evidence provision, advocacy, mobilization, consensus building, provision of medical services and of services related to the social determinants of health, standard setting, self-regulation and fostering social partnership.However, in order to engage successfully with CSOs, governments do need to make use of adequate tools and create contexts conducive to collaboration. To guide policy-makers working with CSOs through such complications, and help avoid some potential pitfalls, the book outlines a practical framework for such collaboration. This suggests identifying key CSOs in a given area; clarifying why there should be engagement with civil society; being realistic as to what CSOs can or will achieve; and an understanding of how CSOs can be helped to deliver.

Civil Society and Health: Contributions and Potential (A EURO Publication)

Greer, Scott L.

Pastorino, Gabriele

Kosinska, Monika

There is no European Union health system but there is an EU health policy. The EU affects the health of its citizens, the health of people around the world, and the operation and finance of its Member States' healthcare systems in many ways, mostly for the better, and often in ways that are poorly understood. This book, a completely revised second edition of our previous volume on the subject, maps out the nature of EU health policies, their logic and reason for being, and their potential to affect the health of Europeans for the better. It is written in the belief that understanding the breadth and diversity of EU health policies, and the distinctive institutional structure that explains them, will improve our collective abilities to make policy for health in any sphere, from food to healthcare services and from occupational safety to international trade. Above all, we hope that this book makes it impossible to deny the scale and often indirect and positive impact of EU health policy. EU health policies extend far beyond the Public Health Article 168, from the environmental, social policy and consumer protection policies discussed alongside it in chapter 3, to the extensive internal market laws that have made so much beneficial EU regulatory policy, discussed in chapter 4, to the ambitious fiscal governance agenda discussed in chapter 5, which has increasingly developed a health focus. Across a broad sweep of policies from RescEU's civil protection to the regulation of pharmacies, the EU is omnipresent in health and health policy. It should be understood as such. The question is not whether we want an EU health policy, for EU health policy is inevitable. It is how it should be made and for what ends.

Everything you always wanted to know about European Union health policies but were afraid to ask (Health Policy Series, 54)

History

Fahy, Nick

Rosenblum, Sarah

Jarman, Holly

Elliot, Heather A.

Europe

This book provides a detailed review of the role of health technology assessment (HTA) in the European Union. It examines both method and process in the prioritization and financing of modern health care and presents extensive case studies from Sweden, the Netherlands, Finland, France, Germany and the United Kingdom. The book examines a number of issues, with particular emphasis on the responsibility and membership of HTA bodies’ assessment procedures and methods, the application of HTA evidence to decision-making, and the dissemination and implementation of findings. It aims to highlight ways to improve the HTA process in Europe by examining key challenges and identifying opportunities to support value and innovation in health care. It will be vital reading for a wide range of stakeholders including policy-makers, HTA bodies, manufacturers, health-care professionals and patient organizations.

Ensuring Value for Money in Health Care: The Role of Health Technology Assessment in the European Union (Observatory Studies Series, 11)

Business & Money

Education & Reference

Health targets can help to improve the governance of health systems. They express a commitment to achieve specified outputs over a defined period, and allow progress towards broad goals and objectives to be monitored. They may be quantitative or qualitative, and based on outcomes or processes. This book draws on a series of case studies on the use of health targets, written by experts from Catalonia (Spain), England (United Kingdom), Flanders (Belgium), France, Germany, Hungary and the Russian Federation. It reviews the major technical, managerial and political challenges of defining and implementing health targets. While they help focus attention on agreed goals, to realize their potential they need to be based on evidence, accepted by those who work to achieve them, be embedded in frameworks of mutual accountability, linked to appropriate incentives and/or sanctions and supported by an adequate intelligence infrastructure. The experiences of these countries and regions can serve as examples to all those in government who strive to improve the performance of their health systems.

Health Targets in Europe: Learning from Experience (EURO Nonserial Publication)

Health impact assessment (HIA) is a support tool for intersectoral decision- and policy-making. It is employed to assess the potential health consequences of pending decisions and it feeds this information back into the decision-making process. The book provides a detailed map of the use of HIA in Europe across a large range of sectors, including transport, environment, urban planning and agriculture, and at national, regional, and local levels. It also reviews the implementation and institutionalization of HIA with a specific focus on governance, financing, resource generation and delivery. The effectiveness of HIA is explored and analyzed in 17 case studies using a common analytical approach. The research also identifies factors contributing to the effectiveness of HIA. Overall, the book demonstrates that HIA can be effective. It also reveals the uneven development and incomplete institutionalization of HIA across Europe. The book is based on a European research project that received funding under the European Union Public Health Work Program. The research was led by the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies and included research teams from 19 countries.

The Effectiveness of Health Impact Assessment: Scope and Limitations of Supporting Decision-making in Europe (A EURO Publication)

Blau, J.

Management & Leadership

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