In enforcing EU competition law, the Commission employs a unique doctrine of parental antitrust liability: it imposes fines on the parent company of an infringing subsidiary in cases where the parent exercises decisive influence over the subsidiary's commercial policy. Critics of this contentious aspect of EU competition law believe that the doctrine is unfair, ineffective, obscure, disproportionate, contrary to due process, and based upon a dubious, if not extremely flimsy, justificatory foundation. Such criticism raises serious and unanswered questions about the legitimacy of the Commission's efforts to enforce competition law. Parental Liability in EU Competition Law: A Legitimacy-Focused Approach is the first monograph to be dedicated to this controversial topic. Written by Professor Peter Whelan, the book contends that, although the general concept of parental liability can be justified in principle, the current EU-level doctrine of parental antitrust liability in fact suffers from a distinct and problematic lack of legitimacy. More specifically, the said doctrine displays significant deficiencies with respect to effectiveness, fairness, and legality. Given this undesirable state of affairs, Parental Liability in EU Competition Law offers a fully-rationalised, reformulated approach to parental antitrust liability for EU competition law violations that is built around the notion of parental fault. That approach provides a solid normative account of how to impose parental antitrust liability in a manner that is theoretically robust, effective in practice, fair in substance, and legally sound.

Parental Liability in EU Competition Law: A Legitimacy-Focused Approach

Whelan, Peter

Foreign & International Law

Oxford University Press

Cartel activity is prohibited under EU law by virtue of Article 101(1) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. Firms that violate this provision face severe punishment from those entities responsible for enforcing EU competition law: the European Commission, the national competition authorities, and the national courts. Stiff fines are regularly imposed on firms by these entities; such firm-focused punishment is an established feature of the antitrust enforcement landscape within the EU. In recent years, however, focus has also been placed on the individuals within the firms responsible for the cartel activity. It is increasingly recognized that punishment for cartel activity should be individual-focused as well as firm-focused. Accordingly, a growing tendency to criminalize cartel activity can be observed in the EU Member States.The existence of such criminal sanctions within the EU presents a number of crucial challenges that need to be met if the underlying enforcement objectives are to be achieved in practice without violating prevailing legal norms. For a start, given the severe consequences of a custodial sentence, the employment of criminal antitrust punishment must be justifiable in principle: one must have a robust normative framework rationalizing the existence of criminal cartel sanctions. Second, for it to be legitimate, antitrust criminalization should only occur in a manner that respects the mandatory legalities applicable to the European jurisdiction in question. These include the due process rights of the accused and the principle of legal certainty. Finally, the correct practical measures (such as a criminal leniency policy and a correctly defined criminal cartel offence) need to be in place in order to ensure that the employment of criminal antitrust punishment actually achieves its aims while maintaining its legitimacy.These three particular challenges can be conceptualized respectively as the theoretical, legal, and practical challenges of European antitrust criminalization. This book analyses these three crucial challenges so that the complexity of the process of European antitrust criminalization can be understood more accurately. In doing so, this book acknowledges that the three challenges should not be considered in isolation. In fact there is a dynamic relationship between the theoretical, legal, and practical challenges of European antitrust criminalization and an effective antitrust criminalization policy is one which recognizes and respects this complex interaction.

The Criminalization of European Cartel Enforcement: Theoretical, Legal, and Practical Challenges (Oxford Studies in European Law)

Business

The Accrington Pals is a poignant and harrowing play set in the early years of the First World War, as Britain's jingoistic optimism starts to wane and the true terror of warfare gradually becomes clear. The play looks at both the terrifying experiences of the men at the front and the women who were left behind to face social changes, deprivation and the lies of propaganda. While often comic vignettes portray the everyday life of a town denuded of men, the men face the terror that is the Battle of the Somme.This compassionate play portrays the devastating effects of war on a typical Lancashire mill town and the suffering of everyday people.This Modern Classic edition includes a new preface by the author, plus a full introduction exploring the themes, social/historical context and characters. The edition will also include a chronology of key events mentioned in the play and classroom activities.

The Accrington Pals

Literature & Fiction

Dramas & Plays

METHUEN

'One of the best plays ever written about the First World War'GUARDIAN'To say that it leaves you emotionally shattered feels like an insult to those bygone souls and the horrors the faced, but quietly shattering it is, all the same'DAILY TELEGRAPH A battalion of 1,000 young men raised in 1914 from volunteers in the Accrington area of East Lancashire go to war. They are destined to see their first real action on 1st July 1916 on the first day of the Battle of the Somme, still regarded as the greatest British military disaster with huge loss of life. Not many return to Accrington alive or intact. Whelan's play traces these men's history through individual stories, but his special interest lies in the lives of the women left behind, battling with their own problems, deprived of their relationships with husbands and lovers, undertaking traditionally male roles, and kept in doubt by the misinformation of wartime propaganda.Their moving stories interweave in scenes that are often comic, but which reach a devastating climax as the news of the disastrous battle finally reaches them.Commentary and notes by John Davey.

Accrington Pals

Samuel French Ltd.

A new play from the award-winning playwright of The Herbal BedAmongst the ruins of post-war Berlin, a young soldier is sent for a weekend to guard a deserted British army office. In the corrosive atmosphere of Cold War power struggles, he innocently finds himself caught up in a situation where his conscience is on trial.

Russian in the Woods (Modern Plays)

Humor & Entertainment

Berg 3pl

The first collection of plays by one of Britain's most acclaimed contemporary playwrights
 THE ACCRINGTON PALS The young men of a Lancashire mill town leave their homes and lovers for the trenches of the Somme. A moving and often comic evocation of the suffering of the women they left behind.
THE HERBAL BED Stratford-upon-Avon in 1613, and Susannah, eldest daughter of William Shakespeare must defend her good name when she is slandered by her husband's servant. Whelan's entertaining exploration of morality and desire, set in the post-Elizabethan era.
THE SCHOOL OF NIGHT Charged with treason and heresy Christopher Marlowe is on the run from the law. As he sits in the Rose Theatre, hiding, and composing his greatest lyric, Marlowe reflects upon the intrigues that have brought him to the brink of ruin, and contemplates his escape from England before the inevitable and mysterious bar-room brawl that will end his life on 30 May 1593."I can't call to mind any male playwright since Chekhov in the Three Sisters who has presented the loves, longings and sufferings of women with such humour and poignancy" - New Statesman
"Whelan is a writer who gets more interesting with every play" - Guardian

Whelan Plays: 1: The Herbal Bed; The School of Night; The Accrington Pals (Contemporary Dramatists)

Methuen Drama

A major new play, with its world premiere at London's Almeida TheatreJune 1871. William Morris spends summer in Kelmscott, Oxfordshire in the company of Dante Gabriel Rossetti and their beloved Janey - the wife of one and muse of the other.It seemed that they had found their ideal, in harmony with nature, a garden of earthly delights. But cynics whispered that the move from London was to conceal the very Pre-Raphaelite affair between Janey and Gabriel ...

The Earthly Paradise (Modern Plays)

D. H. Lawrence: Myth and metaphysic in The rainbow and Women in love (Studies in modern literature)

UMI Research Press

The Accrington Pals is a poignant and harrowing play set in the early years of the First World War, as the country's jingoistic optimism starts to wane and the true terror of warfare gradually becomes clear. The play looks at both the terrifying experiences of the men at the front and the women who were left behind to face social changes, deprivation and the lies of propaganda. While often comic vignettes portray the everyday life of a town denuded of men, the men face the terror that is the Battle of the Somme.This compassionate play portrays the devastating effects of war on a typical Lancashire mill town and the suffering of everyday people.This Modern Classic edition includes a new preface by the author, plus a full introduction exploring the themes, social/historical context and characters. The edition also includes a chronology and classroom activities.

The Accrington Pals (Modern Classics)

'One of the best plays ever written about the First World War' GUARDIAN
'To say that it leaves you emotionally shattered feels like an insult to those bygone souls and the horrors the faced, but quietly shattering it is, all the same' DAILY TELEGRAPH 
A battalion of 1,000 young men raised in 1914 from volunteers in the Accrington area of East Lancashire go to war. They are destined to see their first real action on 1st July 1916 on the first day of the Battle of the Somme, still regarded as the greatest British military disaster with huge loss of life. Not many return to Accrington alive or intact. 
Whelan's play traces these men's history through individual stories, but his special interest lies in the lives of the women left behind, battling with their own problems, deprived of their relationships with husbands and lovers, undertaking traditionally male roles, and kept in doubt by the misinformation of wartime propaganda.
Their moving stories interweave in scenes that are often comic, but which reach a devastating climax as the news of the disastrous battle finally reaches them.
Commentary and notes by John Davey.

The Accrington Pals (Student Editions)

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