<p>The technology of crystal growth has advanced enormously during the past two decades. Among, these advances, the development and refinement of molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) has been among the msot important. Crystals grown by MBE are more precisely controlled than those grown by any other method, and today they form the basis for the most advanced device structures in solid-state physics, electronics, and optoelectronics. As an example, Figure 0.1 shows a vertical-cavity surface emitting laser structure grown by MBE.</p>

Materials Fundamentals of Molecular Beam Epitaxy

Science & Math

Tsao, Jeffrey Y.

Biological Sciences

Academic Press

<p>Review\n“Essential reading. By integrating the previous work of leading science and technology scholars, creating new terminology, concepts, and logical structures, and including concrete examples, these two eminent leaders make a compelling case for rethinking how we understand and nurture research to advance the public good.”―Laura Diaz Anadon, Chaired Professor of Climate Change Policy, University of Cambridge\n“Enlightening and important. Narayanamurti and Tsao demolish long-accepted tenets of science and technology research by exposing flaws, misconceptions, and anachronisms, then propose a visionary new framework. Invaluable for anyone leading a research enterprise, recruiting talent, or devising new funding mechanisms.”―Nancy Andrews, former Dean of the Duke University School of Medicine\n“A thought-provoking journey. By transcending widespread but limiting beliefs, The Genesis of Technoscientific Revolutions explores how to better understand research and unleash its potential. Highly recommended for all policy makers and leaders interested in improving the effectiveness of research and developing high-performing research institutions.”―Qi-Kun Xue, Director of the Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences\n“Highly accomplished researchers Narayanamurti and Tsao synthesize new and old ideas about how science and technology work together, sharing audacious insights that can improve research outcomes. This book will be a rewarding read for all who want to understand innovation and accelerate it.”―John P. Holdren, former Science Advisor to President Obama and Senate-confirmed Director of the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy\n“A deep examination of how discoveries and innovations have happened in history, and [it] comes up with a set of methods on nurturing research in public-funded institutions and corporate labs. It is a book that is at once dense and insightful, to be read as much by the shop floor scientist as the CEO, by policymakers as much as university professors.”―Hari Pulakkat, Shaastra\n“A useful contribution to the study of scientific method and should be of considerable interest to anyone interested in the history and/or the philosophy of science (and technology).”―The Complete Review\nResearch powers innovation and technoscientific advance, but it is due for a rethink, one consistent with its deeply holistic nature, requiring deeply human nurturing.\nResearch is a deeply human endeavor that must be nurtured to achieve its full potential. As with tending a garden, care must be taken to organize, plant, feed, and weed―and the manner in which this nurturing is done must be consistent with the nature of what is being nurtured.\nIn The Genesis of Technoscientific Revolutions, Venkatesh Narayanamurti and Jeffrey Tsao propose a new and holistic system, a rethinking of the nature and nurturing of research. They share lessons from their vast research experience in the physical sciences and engineering, as well as from perspectives drawn from the history and philosophy of science and technology, research policy and management, and the evolutionary biological, complexity, physical, and economic sciences.\nNarayanamurti and Tsao argue that research is a recursive, reciprocal process at many levels: between science and technology; between questions and answer finding; and between the consolidation and challenging of conventional wisdom. These fundamental aspects of the nature of research should be reflected in how it is nurtured. To that end, Narayanamurti and Tsao propose aligning organization, funding, and governance with research; embracing a culture of holistic technoscientific exploration; and instructing people with care and accountability.</p>

The Genesis of Technoscientific Revolutions: Rethinking the Nature and Nurture of Research

Business & Money

Narayanamurti, Venkatesh

Management & Leadership

Harvard University Press

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