The armed forces were among the institutions most profoundly affected by the collapse of communist rule throughout Eastern Europe. The authors focus on the process of military reform in Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, and Slovakia, examining how the process of overcoming the Soviet legacy to the militaries of the six countries has unfolded. Among the troublesome aspects of this topic, the report discusses the tensions that emerged in civil-military relations, the effects of personnel disruptions, and the problems encountered in the restructuring and modernization of forces. The authors consider the implications of these developments for the United States and offer some recommendations for policies to further encourage and consolidate the process of military reform in Eastern Europe.

East European Military Reform After the Cold War: Implications for the United States

History

Szayna, Thomas S.

Larrabee, F. Stephen

World

RAND Corporation

Is it possible to know whether regional ethnic conflict will erupt into brutal civil war?

Anticipating Ethnic Conflict

Politics & Social Sciences

Tellis, Ashley J.

Winnefeld, James A.

Social Sciences

In the 1990s, NATO began a course of enlargement and transformation to remain relevant in Europe's post Cold War security environment. As part of its commitment to enlargement, it admitted three new members―Poland, Hungary, and the Czech Republic in 1999 and has plans to admit more countries in the future. NATO's enlargement has profound military implications for the U. S. and its allies in terms of future planning and shaping strategies. Both have been driven primarily by political imperatives, not by a sense of direct threat, but by an environment-shaping agenda of democratization and integration. This report develops and applies an analytical framework for thinking about the determinants of future NATO enlargement, the specific defense challenges they pose, and shaping policies that might aid in addressing these challenges.

NATO's Further Enlargement: Determinants and Implications for Defense Planning and Shaping

Military

A framework for intelligence analysts to use to think systematically about the potential for the rise of a peer competitor to the United States.

The Emergence of Peer Competitors: A Framework for Analysis

Jones, Seth G.

Eaton, Derek

Bankes, Steven C.

Byman Georgetown University, Daniel L.

Politics & Government

Uses the Office of Personnel Management1s Human Capital Assessment and Accountability Framework, which advocates strategic alignment, workforce planning and development, and leadership and knowledge management, to assess the U.S. civilian personnel and staffing requirements for stability and reconstruction operations.

Stabilization and Reconstruction Staffing: Developing U.S. Civilian Personnel Capabilities

Kelly, Terrence K.

Tunstall, Ellen E.

Provides an analytic framework and procedure for the intelligence analysis of irregular warfare (IW) environments that can serve as the basis for IW intelligence curriculum development efforts. Defines IW in terms of two stylized situations: population-centric (such as counterinsurgency) and counterterrorism. Provides a detailed review of IW-relevant defense policy and strategy documents and a list of relevant doctrinal publications.

Assessing Irregular Warfare: A Framework for Intelligence Analysis

Nichiporuk, Brian

Larson, Eric V.

Integrating women into special operations forces poses potential challenges for unit cohesion. The integration of women raises issues of effectiveness, in terms of physical standards and ensuring the readiness, cohesion, and morale essential to high-performing teams. This report assesses those challenges and provides analytical support for validating occupational standards for positions controlled by U.S. Special Operations Command.

Considerations for Integrating Women into Closed Occupations in U.S. Special Operations Forces

Business & Money

Marcellino, William

Robson, Sean

Miyashiro, Lisa

Syme, James

Matthews, Miriam

Schaefer, Agnes Gereben

Welser IV, William

O'Mahony, Angela

Polich, J. Michael

Ayer, Lynsay

Posard, Marek

Winkelman, Zev

Wright, Cameron

Zander-Cotugno, Megan

Management & Leadership

Russia’s 2014 annexation of Crimea has challenged the integrity of Europe’s territorial borders and had a broader negative impact on the European security environment. This report analyzes how Europeans perceive the Russian threat—whether European states regard Russia’s policy in eastern and northern Europe as a security priority, how they have responded to Russian behavior, and how officials see the future of Russo-European relations.

European Relations with Russia: Threat Perceptions, Responses, and Strategies in the Wake of the Ukrainian Crisis

Radin, Andrew

Pezard, Stephanie

Europe

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Books by Szayna, Thomas S.