The importance of the issues raised by the WTO Agreement cannot be over-estimated. The completion of the Uruguay Round of negotiations has resulted in the creation of international agreements which themselves raise issues of great difficulty and importance in legal terms--issues of practical importance for international trade in goods and services and for the entire field of Intellectual Property Rights. This book examines the implementation of the GATT agreement, and its national and international legal and constitutional ramifications.

Implementing the Uruguay Round

Business & Money

Jackson, John H.

Sykes, Alan O.

International

Clarendon Press

The protection of troubled industries against import surges, called safeguard measures under WTO law, are controversially justified on the basis of economic concerns. This book reviews the economic literature bearing on the soundness of safeguard policies. It also addresses the complex legal issues relating to the constraints on safeguard measures under WTO law, and affords a thorough discussion and critical analysis of the WTO disputes in the area, including the most recent case involving measures protecting the U.S. steel industry.

The WTO Agreement on Safeguards: A Commentary (Oxford Commentaries on GATT/WTO Agreements)

Foreign & International Law

Oxford University Press

In LEGAL PROBLEMS OF INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC RELATIONS, THIRD EDITION, the authors aim to offer the student and professor the means to achieve a basic understanding of the international economic system as it operates in real life, and as it is constrained or aided by a number of fundamental legal institutions, including national and international constitutional documents and processes.

Legal Problems of International Economic Relations: Cases, Materials and Text on the National and International Regulation of Transnational Economic (American Casebook Series)

Crafts, Hobbies & Home

Davey, William J.

Gardening & Landscape Design

West Group

Focuses on the rules-based multilateral trading system created by GATT, as greatly expanded and elaborated by the establishment of the World Trade Organization in 1995. Particular emphasis is given to the rich and detailed jurisprudence developed by the WTO's Appellate Body. Includes the impact of international economic interdependence and the struggle of legal institutions to cope with this and other aspects of globalization. Offers a basic understanding of the international economic system as it operates in real life, and as it is constrained or aided by a number of fundamental legal institutions, including national and international constitutional documents and processes.

Legal Problems of International Economic Relations: Cases, Materials and Text on the National and International Regulation of Transnational Economic Relations (American Casebook Series)

West Academic

Also contains the North American Free Trade Agreement and the Articles of Agreement of the International Monetary Fund. The authors have divided the Documents Supplement into four parts, on the basis of whether the documents are international, multilateral, or national in scope. Each part has its own introduction that explains the organization of that part.

Legal Problems of International Economic Relations: 2002 Documents Supplement (American Casebook Series and Other Coursebooks)

This book is part of a wider project that aims to propose a model GATT that makes good economic sense without undoing its current basic structure. It asks: What does the historical record indicate about the aims and objectives of the framers of the GATT? To what extent does the historical record provide support for one or more of the economic rationales for the GATT? The book supports that the two main framers of the GATT were the United Kingdom and the United States; developing countries' influence was noticeable only after the mid-1950s. The framers understood the GATT as a pro-peace instrument; however, they were mindful of the costs of achieving such a far-reaching objective and were not willing to allocate them disproportionately. This may explain why their negotiations were based on reciprocal market access commitments so that the terms of trade were not unevenly distributed or affected through the GATT.

The Genesis of the GATT (The American Law Institute Reporters Studies on WTO Law)

Irwin, Douglas A.

Mavroidis, Petros C.

Cambridge University Press

This book is part of a wider project that aims to propose a model GATT that makes good economic sense without undoing its current basic structure. It asks: What does the historical record indicate about the aims and objectives of the framers of the GATT? To what extent does the historical record provide support for one or more of the economic rationales for the GATT? The book supports that the two main framers of the GATT were the United Kingdom and the United States; developing countries' influence was noticeable only after the mid-1950s. The framers understood the GATT as a pro-peace instrument; however, they were mindful of the costs of achieving such a far-reaching objective and were not willing to allocate them disproportionately. This may explain why their negotiations were based on reciprocal market access commitments so that the terms of trade were not unevenly distributed or affected through the GATT.

The ever-increasing exchange of goods and ideas among nations, as well as cross-border pollution, global warming, and international crime, pose urgent questions for international law. Here, two respected scholars provide an intellectual framework for assessing these pressing legal problems from a rational choice perspective.
The approach assumes that states are rational, forward-looking agents which use international law to address the actions of other states that may have consequences for their own citizens, and to obtain the benefits of international cooperation. It further assumes that in the absence of a central enforcement agency―that is, a world government―international law must be self-enforcing. States must believe that if they violate international agreements, other states will retaliate.
Consequently, Eric A. Posner and Alan O. Sykes devote considerable attention to the challenges of enforcing international law, which begin with the difficulties of determining what it is. In the absence of an international constitution, the sources for international law are vague. Lawyers must rely on statements contained in all manner of official documents and on simple observation of states’ behavior. This looseness leads international institutions such as the United Nations to deliver conflicting interpretations of the law’s most basic principles. The authors describe the conditions under which international law succeeds or fails, across a wide range of issues, including war crimes, human rights, international criminal law, principles of state responsibility, law of the sea, international trade regulation, and international investment law.

Economic Foundations of International Law

Posner, Eric

Belknap Press: An Imprint of Harvard University Press

Product standards, regulations, and conformity assessment procedures are important and necessary, but they also, at times, threaten the free flow of goods in international markets and the competitive positions of many exporters, including those in the United States. The barriers to trade that may result form product standards and regulations may be inadvertent or deliberate. The problem cuts across a wide array of industries, from motor vehicles to computers to televisions to food and beverages.
 This book, part of the Brookings Integrating National Economies series, is the first to blend careful economic and legal analysis of technical barriers. Alan O. Sykes illustrates how standards and regulations create trade barriers, explores the extent of the problem, and considers the possible policy responses.
 The effects of technical barriers are hard to measure. They are often hidden in the costs of modifying a product to meet a standard or regulation, in the costs of testing and certification procedures, and in the ways that noncompliance with a standard may affect consumer purchasing decisions. Sykes identifies why heterogeneity in standards and regulations may arise across jurisdictions and assesses the desirability of eliminating it in various settings.
 Sykes also presents an extensive and insightful overview of current international efforts to police technical barriers in the WTO/GATT system, in the European Union, in the U.S. federal system, and NAFTA. He shows how least-restrictive means principles and their corollaries can do much to reduce technical barriers, while stopping short of impinging on the legitimate exercise of national sovereignty.
 Efforts to harmonize internatioal policies and set common standards and regulations have been under way for decades. Sykes evaluates the harmonization activities of institutions such as the International Organization for Standardization, the Codex Alimentarius, and the European Commission. The final chapter assesses the adequacy of existing efforts to address technical barriers, suggesting where further progress might be made, and discusses the special problems of developing countries.
 A volume of Brookings' Integrating National Economies Series

Product Standards for Internationally Integrated Goods Markets (Integrating National Economies: Promise & Pitfalls)

Economics

Brookings Institution Press

Product Standards for Internationally Integrated Goods Markets (Integrating National Economies)

See the best price to sell, buy, or rent books by Sykes, Alan O.. BookScouter helps to compare book prices from 25+ online bookstores and 30+ buyback vendors with a single search.

Books by Sykes, Alan O.

See the best price to sell, buy, or rent books by Sykes, Alan O.. BookScouter helps to compare book prices from 25+ online bookstores and 30+ buyback vendors with a single search.

Implementing the Uruguay Round

The WTO Agreement on Safeguards: A Commentary (Oxford Commentaries on GATT/WTO Agreements)

Legal Problems of International Economic Relations: Cases, Materials and Text on the National and International Regulation of Transnational Economic (American Casebook Series)

Legal Problems of International Economic Relations: Cases, Materials and Text on the National and International Regulation of Transnational Economic Relations (American Casebook Series)

Legal Problems of International Economic Relations: 2002 Documents Supplement (American Casebook Series and Other Coursebooks)

The Genesis of the GATT (The American Law Institute Reporters Studies on WTO Law)

The Genesis of the GATT (The American Law Institute Reporters Studies on WTO Law)

Economic Foundations of International Law

Product Standards for Internationally Integrated Goods Markets (Integrating National Economies: Promise & Pitfalls)

Product Standards for Internationally Integrated Goods Markets (Integrating National Economies)