Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline

Since 1941, Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) has been recognized as the most authoritative source of information on nutrient levels for healthy people. Since publication of the 10th edition in 1989, there has been rising awareness of the impact of nutrition on chronic disease. In light of new research findings and a growing public focus on nutrition and health, the expert panel responsible for formulation RDAs reviewed and expanded its approach--the result: Dietary Reference Intakes. This new series of references greatly extends the scope and application of previous nutrient guidelines. For each nutrient the book presents what is known about how the nutrient functions in the human body, what the best method is to determine its requirements, which factors (caffeine or exercise, for example) may affect how it works, and how the nutrient may be related to chronic disease. This volume of the series presents information about thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12, pantothenic acid, biotin, and choline. Based on analysis of nutrient metabolism in humans and data on intakes in the U.S. population, the committee recommends intakes for each age group--from the first days of life through childhood, sexual maturity, midlife, and the later years. Recommendations for pregnancy and lactation also are made, and the book identifies when intake of a nutrient may be too much. Representing a new paradigm for the nutrition community, Dietary Reference Intakes encompasses: <ul>
<li>Estimated Average Requirements (EARs). These are used to set Recommended Dietary Allowances. 
</li> <li>Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs). Intakes that meet the RDA are likely to meet the nutrient requirement of nearly all individuals in a life-stage and gender group. 
</li> <li>Adequate Intakes (AIs). These are used instead of RDAs when an EAR cannot be calculated. Both the RDA and the AI may be used as goals for individual intake. 
</li> <li>Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (ULs). Intakes below the UL are unlikely to pose risks of adverse health effects in healthy people. 
</li> </ul>
This new framework encompasses both essential nutrients and other food components thought to pay a role in health, such as dietary fiber. It incorporates functional endpoints and examines the relationship between dose and response in determining adequacy and the hazards of excess intake for each nutrient. Table of Contents <ul>
<li>Front Matter</li>
<li>Summary</li>
<li>1 Introduction to Dietary Reference Intakes</li>
<li>2 The B Vitamins and Choline: Overview and Methods</li>
<li>3 A Model for the Development of Tolerable Upper Intake Levels</li>
<li>4 Thiamin</li>
<li>5 Riboflavin</li>
<li>6 Niacin</li>
<li>7 Vitamin B6</li>
<li>8 Folate</li>
<li>9 Vitamin B12</li>
<li>10 Pantothenic Acid</li>
<li>11 Biotin</li>
<li>12 Choline</li>
<li>13 Uses of Dietary Reference Intakes</li>
<li>14 A Research Agenda</li>
<li>A Origin and Framework of the Development of Dietary Reference Intakes</li>
<li>B Acknowledgments</li>
<li>C Système International d'Unités</li>
<li>D Search Strategies</li>
<li>E Methodological Problems Associated with Laboratory Values and Food Composition Data for B Vitamins</li>
<li>F Dietary Intake Data from the Boston Nutritional Status Survey, 1981-1984</li>
<li>G Dietary Intake Data from the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII), 1994-1995</li>
<li>H Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988-1994</li>
<li>I Daily Intakes of B Vitamins by Canadian Men and Women, 1990, 1993</li>
<li>J Options for Dealing with Uncertainties in Developing Tolerable Upper Intake Levels</li>
<li>K Blood Concentrations of Folate and Vitamin B12 from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988-1994</li>
<li>L Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase</li>
<li>M Evidence from Animal Studies on the Etiology of Neural Tube Defects</li>
<li>N Estimation of the Period Covered by Vitamin B12 Stores</li>
<li>O Biographical Sketches</li>
<li>P Glossary and Abbreviations</li>
<li>Index</li>
</ul>

Science & Math

Food and Nutrition Board

Subcommittee on Upper Reference Levels of Nutrients

Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes and its Panel on Folate, Other B Vitamins, and Choline

INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE

Biological Sciences

National Academies Press

Business & Money

Economics

This volume is the newest release in the authoritative series of quantitative estimates of nutrient intakes to be used for planning and assessing diets for healthy people. Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) is the newest framework for an expanded approach developed by U.S. and Canadian scientists. This book discusses in detail the role of vitamin C, vitamin E, selenium, and the carotenoids in human physiology and health. For each nutrient the committee presents what is known about how it functions in the human body, which factors may affect how it works, and how the nutrient may be related to chronic disease. Dietary Reference Intakes provides reference intakes, such as Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs), for use in planning nutritionally adequate diets for different groups based on age and gender, along with a new reference intake, the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL), designed to assist an individual in knowing how much is "too much" of a nutrient. Table of Contents <ul>
<li>Front Matter</li>
<li>Summary</li>
<li>1 Introduction to Dietary Reference Intakes</li>
<li>2 Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium, and •-Carotene and Other Carotenoids: Overview, Antioxidant Definition, and Relationship to Chronic Disease</li>
<li>3 Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium, and •-Carotene and Other Carotenoids: Methods</li>
<li>4 A Model for the Development of Tolerable Upper Intake Levels for Nutrients</li>
<li>5 Vitamin C</li>
<li>6 Vitamin E</li>
<li>7 Selenium</li>
<li>8 •-Carotene and Other Carotenoids</li>
<li>9 Uses of Dietary Reference Intakes</li>
<li>10 A Research Agenda</li>
<li>A Origin and Framework of the Development of Dietary Reference Intakes</li>
<li>B Acknowledgments</li>
<li>C Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988-1994</li>
<li>D Dietary Intake Data from the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII), 1994-1996</li>
<li>E Canadian Dietary Intake Data, 1993, 1995</li>
<li>F Serum Values from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988-1994</li>
<li>G Options for Dealing with Uncertainties</li>
<li>H Glossary and Acronyms</li>
<li>I Biographical Sketches of Panel and Subcommittee Members</li>
<li>Index</li>
</ul>

Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium, and Carotenoids

Health, Fitness & Dieting

Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes

Subcommittee on Interpretation and Uses of Dietary Reference Intakes

Panel on Dietary Antioxidants and Related Compounds

Diets & Weight Loss

DRI Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium, and Carotenoids (Dietary Reference Intakes Series)

This volume is the newest release in the authoritative series issued by the National Academy of Sciences on dietary reference intakes (DRIs). This series provides recommended intakes, such as Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs), for use in planning nutritionally adequate diets for individuals based on age and gender. In addition, a new reference intake, the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL), has also been established to assist an individual in knowing how much is "too much" of a nutrient. Based on the Institute of Medicine's review of the scientific literature regarding dietary micronutrients, recommendations have been formulated regarding vitamins A and K, iron, iodine, chromium, copper, manganese, molybdenum, zinc, and other potentially beneficial trace elements such as boron to determine the roles, if any, they play in health. The book also: <ul>
<li>Reviews selected components of food that may influence the bioavailability of these compounds.</li> <li>Develops estimates of dietary intake of these compounds that are compatible with good nutrition throughout the life span and that may decrease risk of chronic disease where data indicate they play a role.</li> <li>Determines Tolerable Upper Intake levels for each nutrient reviewed where adequate scientific data are available in specific population subgroups.</li> <li>Identifies research needed to improve knowledge of the role of these micronutrients in human health.</li> </ul>
 This book will be important to professionals in nutrition research and education. Table of Contents <ul>
<li>Front Matter</li>
<li>Summary</li>
<li>1 Introduction to Dietary Reference Intakes</li>
<li>2 Overview and Methods</li>
<li>3 A Model for the Development of Tolerable Upper Intake Levels</li>
<li>4 Vitamin A</li>
<li>5 Vitamin K</li>
<li>6 Chromium</li>
<li>7 Copper</li>
<li>8 Iodine</li>
<li>9 Iron</li>
<li>10 Manganese</li>
<li>11 Molybdenum</li>
<li>12 Zinc</li>
<li>13 Arsenic, Boron, Nickel, Silicon, and Vanadium</li>
<li>14 Uses of Dietary Reference Intakes</li>
<li>15 A Research Agenda</li>
<li>A Origin and Framework of the Development of Dietary Reference Intakes</li>
<li>B Acknowledgments</li>
<li>C Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 19881994</li>
<li>D Dietary Intake Data from the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII), 19941996</li>
<li>E Dietary Intake Data from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Total Diet Study, 19911997</li>
<li>F Canadian Dietary Intake Data, 1990</li>
<li>G Biochemical Indicators for Iron, Vitamin A, and Iodine from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 19881994</li>
<li>H Comparison of Vitamin A and Iron Intake and Biochemical Indicators from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 19881994</li>
<li>I Iron Intakes and Estimated Percentiles of the Distribution of Iron Requirements from the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII), 19941996</li>
<li>J Glossary and Acronyms</li>
<li>K Conversion of Units</li>
<li>L Options for Dealing with Uncertainties</li>
<li>M Biographical Sketches of Panel and Subcommittee Members</li>
<li>Index</li>
</ul>

Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc

Subcommittee of Interpretation and Uses of Dietary Reference Intakes

Panel on Micronutrients

Responding to the expansion of scientific knowledge about the roles of nutrients in human health, the Institute of Medicine has developed a new approach to establish Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) and other nutrient reference values. The new title for these values Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs), is the inclusive name being given to this new approach. These are quantitative estimates of nutrient intakes applicable to healthy individuals in the United States and Canada. This new book is part of a series of books presenting dietary reference values for the intakes of nutrients. It establishes recommendations for energy, carbohydrate, fiber, fat, fatty acids, cholesterol, protein, and amino acids. This book presents new approaches and findings which include the following: <ul>
<li>The establishment of Estimated Energy Requirements at four levels of energy expenditure</li> <li>Recommendations for levels of physical activity to decrease risk of chronic disease</li> <li>The establishment of RDAs for dietary carbohydrate and protein</li> <li>The development of the definitions of Dietary Fiber, Functional Fiber, and Total Fiber</li> <li>The establishment of Adequate Intakes (AI) for Total Fiber</li> <li>The establishment of AIs for linolenic and a-linolenic acids</li> <li>Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges as a percent of energy intake for fat, carbohydrate, linolenic and a-linolenic acids, and protein</li> <li>Research recommendations for information needed to advance understanding of macronutrient requirements and the adverse effects associated with intake of higher amounts</li> </ul>
Also detailed are recommendations for both physical activity and energy expenditure to maintain health and decrease the risk of disease. Table of Contents <ul>
<li>Front Matter</li>
<li>Summary</li>
<li>1 Introduction to Dietary Reference Intakes</li>
<li>2 Methods and Approaches Used</li>
<li>3 Relationship of Macronutrients and Physical Activity to Chronic Disease</li>
<li>4 A Model for the Development of Tolerable Upper Intake Levels</li>
<li>5 Energy</li>
<li>6 Dietary Carbohydrates: Sugars and Starches</li>
<li>7 Dietary, Functional, and Total Fiber</li>
<li>8 Dietary Fats: Total Fat and Fatty Acids</li>
<li>9 Cholesterol</li>
<li>10 Protein and Amino Acids</li>
<li>11 Macronutrients and Healthful Diets</li>
<li>12 Physical Activity</li>
<li>13 Applications of Dietary Reference Intakes for Macronutrients</li>
<li>14 A Research Agenda</li>
<li>A Glossary and Acronyms</li>
<li>B Origin and Framework of the Development of Dietary Reference Intakes</li>
<li>C Acknowledgments</li>
<li>D Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988-1994</li>
<li>E Dietary Intake Data from the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII), 1994-1996, 1998</li>
<li>F Canadian Dietary Intake Data, 1990-1997</li>
<li>G Special Analyses for Dietary Fats</li>
<li>H Body Composition Data Based on the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988-1994</li>
<li>I Doubly Labeled Water Data Used to Predict Energy Expenditure</li>
<li>J Association of Added Sugars Intake and Intake of Other Nutrients</li>
<li>K Data Comparing Carbohydrate Intake to Intake of Other Nutrients from the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII), 1994-1996, 1998</li>
<li>L Options for Dealing with Uncertainties</li>
<li>M Nitrogen Balance Studies Used to Estimate the Protein Requirements in Adults</li>
<li>Biographical Sketches of Panel and Subcommittee Members</li>
<li>Index</li>
<li>Summary Tables, Dietary Reference Intakes</li>
</ul>

Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids

Cookbooks, Food & Wine

Panel on the Definition of Dietary Fiber

Panel on Macronutrients

Special Diet

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