Fat Content and Composition of Animal Products: Proceedings of a Symposium

Board on Agriculture

Food and Nutrition Board

Assembly of Life Sciences

Board on Agriculture and Renewable Resources

National, Research Council

Commission on Natural Resources

Medical Books

National Academies Press

Assessing Changing Food Consumption Patterns

Division on Earth and Life Studies

Commission on Life Sciences

Committee on Food Consumption Patterns

Cookbooks, Food & Wine

According to surveys, the public believes the chickens it is buying are wholesome. Poultry Inspection: The Basis for a Risk-Assessment Approach looks at current inspection procedures to determine how effective the Food Safety Inspection Service is in finding dangerous levels of contaminants and disease-producing microorganisms. The book first describes the history behind the current system, noting that the amount of poultry inspected has increased dramatically while techniques and regulations have remained constant since 1968. The steps involved in an inspection are then described, followed by a discussion of alternative and innovative inspection procedures. It then provides a risk-assessment model for poultry, including submodels for each stage of processing. Risk assessment is used to protect health, establish priorities, identify problems, and set acceptable levels of risk. The model is applied both to microbiological hazards and to chemical contaminants.

Poultry Inspection: The Basis for a Risk-Assessment Approach

Committee on Public Health Risk Assessment of Poultry Inspection Programs

This book considers two important international nutrition issues, provides a scientific evaluation, and proposes strategies for intervention at the community level. Part I, Diarrheal Diseases, considers the dietary and nutritional factors that may affect the risk of contracting diarrheal disease and presents programmatic implications of these findings. Part II, Diet and Activity During Pregnancy and Lactation, examines data on the extent to which women in the developing world are known to reduce or otherwise alter their activities and diets as a result of childbearing.

Nutrition Issues in Developing Countries: Part I: Diarrheal Diseases, Part II: Diet and Activity During Pregnancy and Lactation

INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE

Committee on International Nutrition Programs

Subcommittee on Diet, Physical Activity, and Pregnancy Outcome

Subcommittee on Nutrition and Diarrheal Diseases Control

Health, Fitness & Dieting

Can Americans continue to add more seafood to their diets without fear of illness or even death? Seafood-caused health problems are not widespread, but consumers are at risk from seafood-borne microbes and toxins--with consequences that can range from mild enteritis to fatal illness. At a time when legislators and consumer groups are seeking a sound regulatory approach, Seafood Safety presents a comprehensive set of practical recommendations for ensuring the safety of the seafood supply. This volume presents the first-ever overview of the field, covering seafood consumption patterns, where and how seafood contamination occurs, and the effectiveness of regulation. A wealth of technical information is presented on the sources of contamination--microbes, natural toxins, and chemical pollutants--and their effects on human health. The volume evaluates methods used for risk assessment and inspection sampling. Table of ContentsFront Matter1. Executive Summary2. Seafood Production, Distribution, and Consumption3. Microbiological and Parasitic Exposure and Health Effects4. Naturally Occurring Fish and Shellfish Poisons5. Occurence of Chemical Contaminants in Seafood and Variability of Contaminant Levels6. Chemical Health Risk Assessment - Critique of Existing Practices and Suggestions for Improvement7. Statistical Sampling Issues in the Control of Seafood Hazards8. Seafood Surveillance and Control ProgramsAppendix A: Glossary of Terms and AcronymsAppendix B: Committee on Evaluation of the Safety of Fishery Products Affiliations and Major Research InterestsIndex

Seafood Safety

Politics & Social Sciences

Committee on Evaluation of the Safety of Fishery Products

Social Sciences

Since its introduction in 1943 Recommended Dietary Allowances has become the accepted source of nutrient allowances for healthy people. These Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) are used throughout the food and health fields. Additionally, RDAs serve as the basis for the U.S. Recommended Daily Allowances, the Food and Drug Administration's standards for nutrition labeling of foods. The 10th Edition includes research results and expert interpretations from years of progress in nutrition research since the previous edition and provides not only RDAs but also "Estimated Safe and Adequate Daily Dietary Intakes"--provisional values for nutrients where data were insufficient to set an RDA. Organized by nutrient for ready reference, the volume reviews the function of each nutrient in the human body, sources of supply, effects of deficiencies and excessive intakes, relevant study results, and more. The volume concludes with the invaluable "Summary Table of Recommended Dietary Allowances," a convenient and practical summary of the recommendations. Table of Contents <ul>
<li>Front Matter</li>
<li>Summary</li>
<li>Definition and Applications</li>
<li>Energy</li>
<li>Carbohydrates and Fiber</li>
<li>Lipids</li>
<li>Protein and Amino Acids</li>
<li>Fat-Soluble Vitamins</li>
<li>Water-Soluble Vitamins</li>
<li>Minerals</li>
<li>Trace Elements</li>
<li>Water and Electrolytes</li>
<li>Other Substances in Food</li>
<li>Index</li>
<li>Summary Tables</li>
</ul>

Recommended Dietary Allowances: 10th Edition (DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES)

Subcommittee on the Tenth Edition of the Recommended Dietary Allowances

Diets & Weight Loss

This book focuses on nutrition services beginning in the preconceptional period and extending well beyond birth. It provides the rationale for the recommended nutritional services; briefly describes the necessary elements of these services; and indicates the personnel, knowledge, skills, and specialized education or training that may be needed to deliver them. It will be useful to policymakers, hospital administrators, directors of health centers, physicians in private or group practices, and others responsible for setting such standards and for overseeing health care services for expectant and new mothers and their infants. Table of Contents <ul>
<li>Front Matter</li>
<li>Executive Summary</li>
<li>1 Introduction</li>
<li>2 Nutritional Concerns of Women in the Preconceptional, Prenatal, and Postpartum Periods</li>
<li>3 Basic and Special Nutrition Services for Women in the Preconceptional, Prenatal, and Postpartum Periods</li>
<li>4 Basic Nutrition Services for Newborn Infants</li>
<li>5 Newborns Who Need Special Nutritional Care</li>
<li>6 Providing for the Continuity of Nutritional Care</li>
<li>7 Closing Remarks and Recommendations</li>
<li>Index</li>
</ul>

Nutrition Services in Perinatal Care: Second Edition

National Academy Of Sciences

Committee on Nutritional Status During Pregnancy and Lactation

The physiological or psychological stresses that employees bring to their workplace affect not only their own performance but that of their co-workers and others. These stresses are often compounded by those of the job itself. Medical personnel, firefighters, police, and military personnel in combat settings--among others--experience highly unpredictable timing and types of stressors. This book reviews and comments on the performance-enhancing potential of specific food components. It reflects the views of military and non-military scientists from such fields as neuroscience, nutrition, physiology, various medical specialties, and performance psychology on the most up-to-date research available on physical and mental performance enhancement in stressful conditions. Although placed within the context of military tasks, the volume will have wide-reaching implications for individuals in any job setting. Table of Contents <ul>
<li>Front Matter</li>
<li>I. Committee Summary and Recommendations</li>
<li>1. Introduction and Background</li>
<li>2. Conclusions and Recommendations</li>
<li>II. Background and Introduction to the Topic</li>
<li>3. Nutritional Enhancement of Soldier Performance at the U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, 1985-1992</li>
<li>4. Optimizing the Design of Combat Rations</li>
<li>5. Biochemical Strategies for Ration Design: Concerns of Bioavailability</li>
<li>III. Military Issues</li>
<li>6. Evaluation of Physical Performance</li>
<li>7. The Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Performance During Continuous Combat Operations</li>
<li>8. The Role of Context in Behavioral Effects of Foods</li>
<li>IV. Stress and Nutrient Interactions: Metabolic Consequences</li>
<li>9. Stress and Monoamine Neurons in the Brain</li>
<li>10. Endocrine and Immune System Response to Stress</li>
<li>11. The Metabolic Responses to Stress and Physical Activity</li>
<li>V. Potential Performance-Enhancing Food Components</li>
<li>12. Food Components That May Optimize Physical Preformance: An Overview</li>
<li>13. Effects of Nutrients on Neurotransmitter Release</li>
<li>14. Performance-Enhancing Effects of Protein and Amino</li>
<li>15. Tyrosine and Stress: Human and Animal Studies</li>
<li>16. Tyrosine and Glucose Modulation of Cognitive Deficits Resulting from Cold Stress</li>
<li>17. Carbohydrates, Protein, and Performance</li>
<li>18. Structured Lipids: An Overview and Comments on Performance Enhancement Potential</li>
<li>19. Choline: Human Requirements and Effects on Human Performance</li>
<li>20. Effects of Caffeine on Cognitive Performance, Mood, and Alertness in Sleep-Deprived Humans</li>
<li>21. The Role of Carnitine in Enhancing Physical Performance</li>
<li>VI. Safety and Regulatory Aspects of Potential Ration Enhancement</li>
<li>22. Safety Concerns Regarding Supplemental Amino Acids: Results of a Study</li>
<li>23. Regulatoin of Amino Acids and Other Dietary Components Associated with Enhanced Physical Performance</li>
<li>Appendixes</li>
<li>Appendix A: Scenarios that Illustrate Potential Usefulness of Food Components to Enhance Performance</li>
<li>Appendix B: Military Recommended Dietary Allowances</li>
<li>Appendix C: A Selected Bibliography on an Evaluation of Potential Performance-Enhancing food Components for Operational Rations</li>
<li>Appendix D: Biographical Sketches</li>
<li>Index</li>
</ul>

Food Components to Enhance Performance: An Evaluation of Potential Performance-Enhancing Food Components for Operational Rations

Committee on Military Nutrition Research

The use of drugs in food animal production has resulted in benefits throughout the food industry; however, their use has also raised public health safety concerns. The Use of Drugs in Food Animals provides an overview of why and how drugs are used in the major food-producing animal industries--poultry, dairy, beef, swine, and aquaculture. The volume discusses the prevalence of human pathogens in foods of animal origin. It also addresses the transfer of resistance in animal microbes to human pathogens and the resulting risk of human disease. The committee offers analysis and insight into these areas <ul>
<li>Monitoring of drug residues. The book provides a brief overview of how the FDA and USDA monitor drug residues in foods of animal origin and describes quality assurance programs initiated by the poultry, dairy, beef, and swine industries. 
</li> <li>Antibiotic resistance. The committee reports what is known about this controversial problem and its potential effect on human health. 
</li> </ul>
The volume also looks at how drug use may be minimized with new approaches in genetics, nutrition, and animal management. November Table of Contents <ul>
<li>Front Matter</li>
<li>Executive Summary</li>
<li>1 Drugs Used in Food Animals: Background and Perspectives</li>
<li>2 Food-Animal Production Practices and Drug Use</li>
<li>3 Benefits and Risks to Human Health</li>
<li>4 Drug Development, Government Approval, and the Regulatory Process</li>
<li>5 Drug Residues and Microbial Contamination in Food</li>
<li>6 Issues Specific to Antibiotics</li>
<li>7 Costs of Eliminating Subtherapeutic Use of Antibiotics</li>
<li>8 Approaches to Minimizing Antibiotic Use in Food-Animal Prodcution</li>
<li>References</li>
<li>About the Authors</li>
<li>Index</li>
</ul>

The Use of Drugs in Food Animals: Benefits and Risks

Science & Math

Committee on Drug Use in Food Animals

Panel on Animal Health, Food Safety, and Public Health

Technology

U.S. military personnel are required to adhere to standards of body composition, fitness, and appearance to achieve and maintain readiness--that is, the maintenance of optimum health and performance so they are ready for deployment at any moment. In 1992, the Committee on Military Nutrition Research reviewed the existing standards and found, among other things, that the standards for body composition required for women to achieve an appearance goal seemed to conflict with those necessary to ensure the ability to perform many types of military tasks. This report addresses that conflict, and reviews and makes recommendations about current policies governing body composition and fitness, as well as postpartum return-to-duty standards, Military Recommended Dietary Allowances, and physical activity and nutritional practices of military women to determine their individual and collective impact on the health, fitness, and readiness of active-duty women.

Assessing Readiness in Military Women: The Relationship of Body, Composition, Nutrition, and Health (Studies in British Literature; 35)

Committee on Body Composition, Nutrition, and Health of Military Women

Women's Health

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