Winner of five 1969 Tony Awards, including Best Book and Best Musical, this oft-produced musical play is an imaginative re-creation of the events from May 8 to July 4, 1776 in Philadelphia, when the second Continental Congress argued about, voted on, and signed the Declaration of Independence.

1776: A Musical Play (Penguin Plays)

Literature & Fiction

Stone, Peter

Edwards, Sherman

Dramas & Plays

Penguin??Books

From the earliest times, people have used lotteries to make decisions--by drawing straws, tossing coins, picking names out of hats, and so on. We use lotteries to place citizens on juries, draft men into armies, assign students to schools, and even on very rare occasions, select lifeboat survivors to be eaten. Lotteries make a great deal of sense in all of these cases, and yet there is something absurd about them. Largely, this is because lottery-based decisions are not based upon reasons. In fact, lotteries actively prevent reason from playing a role in decision making at all. Over the years, people have devoted considerable effort to solving this paradox and thinking about the legitimacy of lotteries as a whole. However, these scholars have mainly focused on lotteries on a case-by-case basis, not as a part of a comprehensive political theory of lotteries. In The Luck of the Draw, Peter Stone surveys the variety of arguments proffered for and against lotteries and argues that they only have one true effect relevant to decision making: the "sanitizing effect" of preventing decisions from being made on the basis of reasons. While this rationale might sound strange to us, Stone contends that in many instances, it is vital that decisions be made without the use of reasons. By developing innovative principles for the use of lottery-based decision making, Stone lays a foundation for understanding when it is--and when it is not--appropriate to draw lots when making political decisions both large and small.

The Luck of the Draw: The Role of Lotteries in Decision Making

Politics & Social Sciences

Philosophy

Oxford University Press

This book looks at multiagent systems that consist of teams of autonomous agents acting in real-time, noisy, collaborative, and adversarial environments.
This book looks at multiagent systems that consist of teams of autonomous agents acting in real-time, noisy, collaborative, and adversarial environments. The book makes four main contributions to the fields of machine learning and multiagent systems. First, it describes an architecture within which a flexible team structure allows member agents to decompose a task into flexible roles and to switch roles while acting. Second, it presents layered learning, a general-purpose machine-learning method for complex domains in which learning a mapping directly from agents' sensors to their actuators is intractable with existing machine-learning methods. Third, the book introduces a new multiagent reinforcement learning algorithm―team-partitioned, opaque-transition reinforcement learning (TPOT-RL)―designed for domains in which agents cannot necessarily observe the state-changes caused by other agents' actions. The final contribution is a fully functioning multiagent system that incorporates learning in a real-time, noisy domain with teammates and adversaries―a computer-simulated robotic soccer team. Peter Stone's work is the basis for the CMUnited Robotic Soccer Team, which has dominated recent RoboCup competitions. RoboCup not only helps roboticists to prove their theories in a realistic situation, but has drawn considerable public and professional attention to the field of intelligent robotics. The CMUnited team won the 1999 Stockholm simulator competition, outscoring its opponents by the rather impressive cumulative score of 110-0.

Layered Learning in Multiagent Systems: A Winning Approach to Robotic Soccer (Intelligent Robotics and Autonomous Agents)

Computers & Technology

Computer Science

Bradford Book

Autonomous Bidding Agents: Strategies and Lessons from the Trading Agent Competition (Intelligent Robotics and Autonomous Agents series)

Overview and analysis of algorithmic advances developed within an integrated bidding agent architecture that emerged from recent research in a growing domain of AI.
E-commerce increasingly provides opportunities for autonomous bidding agents: computer programs that bid in electronic markets without direct human intervention. Automated bidding strategies for an auction of a single good with a known valuation are fairly straightforward; designing strategies for simultaneous auctions with interdependent valuations is a more complex undertaking. This book presents algorithmic advances and strategy ideas within an integrated bidding agent architecture that have emerged from recent work in this fast-growing area of research in academia and industry. The authors analyze several novel bidding approaches that developed from the Trading Agent Competition (TAC), held annually since 2000. The benchmark challenge for competing agents―to buy and sell multiple goods with interdependent valuations in simultaneous auctions of different types―encourages competitors to apply innovative techniques to a common task. The book traces the evolution of TAC and follows selected agents from conception through several competitions, presenting and analyzing detailed algorithms developed for autonomous bidding. Autonomous Bidding Agents provides the first integrated treatment of methods in this rapidly developing domain of AI. The authors―who introduced TAC and created some of its most successful agents―offer both an overview of current research and new results.

Autonomous Bidding Agents: Strategies and Lessons from the Trading Agent Competition (Intelligent Robotics and Autonomous Agents)

Greenwald, Amy

Wellman, Michael P.

Mit Pr

Layered Learning in Multiagent Systems: A Winning Approach to Robotic Soccer (Intelligent Robotics and Autonomous Agents series)

A Bradford Book

E-commerce increasingly provides opportunities for autonomous bidding agents: computer programs that bid in electronic markets without direct human intervention. Automated bidding strategies for an auction of a single good with a known valuation are fairly straightforward; designing strategies for simultaneous auctions with interdependent valuations is a more complex undertaking. This book presents algorithmic advances and strategy ideas within an integrated bidding agent architecture that have emerged from recent work in this fast-growing area of research in academia and industry. The authors analyze several novel bidding approaches that developed from the Trading Agent Competition (TAC), held annually since 2000. The benchmark challenge for competing agents--to buy and sell multiple goods with interdependent valuations in simultaneous auctions of different types--encourages competitors to apply innovative techniques to a common task. The book traces the evolution of TAC and follows selected agents from conception through several competitions, presenting and analyzing detailed algorithms developed for autonomous bidding. Autonomous Bidding Agents provides the first integrated treatment of methods in this rapidly developing domain of AI. The authors--who introduced TAC and created some of its most successful agents--offer both an overview of current research and new results. Michael P. Wellman is Professor of Computer Science and Engineering and member of the Artificial Intelligence Laboratory at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Amy Greenwald is Assistant Professor of Computer Science at Brown University. Peter Stone is Assistant Professor of Computer Sciences, Alfred P. Sloan Research Fellow, and Director of the Learning Agents Group at the University of Texas, Austin. He is the recipient of the International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI) 2007 Computers and Thought Award.

The MIT Press

Autonomous Bidding Agents: Strategies and Lessons from the Trading Agent Competition

Wellman, Michael P. P

MIT Press]

Daily Mirror photographer Peter Stone travelled from Kansas to Hammersmith with the Rats on their back-breaking station to station tours of 1978-80, witnessing not only the concerts but also the long hours of gruelling rehearsals between gigs, the scenes behind the headlines. His shots capture the wild electric high of the group on stage, and show the blitzing after- effects of live performance. The hamburger-stalls and opera- houses, the pit-stops and luxury suites, the hysteria and sheer driving energy that keep a supergroup on the road have been captured brilliantly in this unique and dynamic photo record.

The Boomtown Rats having Their Picture Taken

Arts & Photography

Music

Star

International Trade Law

International Trade Law offers a clear overview of the complexities of an international sale transaction through informed analysis of case law, legislation, and international conventions and rules. Fully updated with changes to the law and new directions in legal debate, this new edition considers: • Standard trade terms including INCOTERMS 2010, the Convention on International Sales of Goods 1980 and the UNIDROIT Principles for International Commercial Contracts 2004 • E-Commerce issues, including electronic bills of lading • Insurance and payment mechanisms, such as letters of credit and the UCP 600 • International transportation of cargo, including the Rotterdam Rules • Dispute resolution, incorporating jurisdiction, applicable law, arbitration and mediation • Corruption and anti-corruption conventions, including the UK Bribery Act 2010 In addition to clarifying a range of topics through tables and diagrams, the book directs readers to relevant further reading and online resources throughout, offering students an accessible resource to this often challenging area of the law.

Carr, Indira

Foreign & International Law

Routledge

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