Over a hundred years have passed since Charles Creighton's A History of Epidemics in Britain was published. Then, epidemics of infectious diseases accounted for a third of all deaths in the British Isles, caused principally by familiar infections like measles, whooping cough, scarlet fever, and smallpox, as well as by a host of now unfamiliar conditions in Britain like plague, cholera and typhus. By the beginning of the twenty-first century, mortality from infectious diseases had dropped to less than one in ten thousand of all deaths. But an invidious change had been taking place. Many of the old infectious diseases had been pushed into retreat by improvements in health care, delivered for three generations by a National Health Service, socio-economic progress, and medical advances - particularly mass vaccination which caused morbidity and mortality from a series of vaccine-preventable infections to implode. The vacuum generated was filled not just by cancers and cardio-vascular conditions. To add to the mix, infectious disease morbidity and mortality began to increase again, caused by a complex mixture of apparently new pathogens like bird flu, swine flu, variant Creutzfeld-Jacob disease (vCJD), Escherichia coli O157:H7, HIV, and hospital-based infections. Using over 300 new maps, charts, photographs and associated text, this full-colour Atlas views a century of change - the ebb and flow of infection - in Britain's epidemic landscape. It maps and interprets the complex time-space tapestry woven in twentieth century Britain by the uneven retreat of some infectious diseases, the emergence of new infections and the re-emergence of certain historical plagues. In each chapter, representative maps are accompanied by micrographs of the biological agents of the diseases mapped, illustrations of the environments in which they occur, the impacts they have had, and the pioneers who unravelled their complex life and death cycles. The accompanying text summarizes the epidemics each pathogen has caused in the British Isles, its current status, and the probability of future control.

Atlas of Epidemic Britain: A Twentieth Century Picture

Medical Books

Smallman-Raynor, Matthew

Cliff, Andrew

Medicine

Oxford University Press

Refugees and displaced populations are a highly relevant, controversial topic of the modern socio-political landscape, with images of people fleeing conflicts and natural disasters a regular occurrence in the media. They flee to perceived safe havens, but are often accompanied by sickness, starvation, poor sanitation, close contact and reduced healthcare. Infection frequently spreads among camps, and sometimes, onwards into the local population. Epidemics develop. What are these diseases, and can they be controlled? What are the health consequences for the migrating and resident populations? What might the demographic impact be? The Atlas of refugees, displaced populations, and epidemic diseases examines the globally changing geographical patterns of communicable diseases among refugees and other displaced persons - in flight, in camps, and resettled in local communities - since the beginning of the twentieth century. The book explores historical and contemporary case studies, including the First World War and its aftermath, the impact of genocides across the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries, Mozambican refugees traversing Central Africa in the late 1980's, the 2010 Haiti earthquake, and the 2014 Ebola virus crisis. The book integrates theory, qualitative and quantitative data, and spatial analysis, locating examples in the context of global demographics and summarising information in an approachable way. Illustrated with over 400 maps and diagrams, case studies are presented in regional and thematic contexts to guide the reader through the displaced populations and communicable diseases over the last 116 years. The discussion covers epidemiological determinants of outbreaks, including overviews of social and political factors that motivate displacement of populations. Important information on epidemic control and the results of these actions is also provided. The Atlas of refugees, displaced populations, and epidemic diseases is an essential resource for all those interested in public health, epidemiology, demography, ecology, economic history, and the history of medicine. This rich and detailed text is ideal for both specialists and students to deepen their understanding of the topic.

Atlas of refugees, displaced populations, and epidemic diseases: Decoding global geographical patterns and processes since 1901

The euphoria about the defeat of epidemics which surrounded the global eradication of smallpox in the 1970s proved short-lived. The advent of AIDS in the following decade, the widening spectrum of other newly-emergent diseases (from Ebola to Hanta virus), and the resurgence of old diseases such as tuberculosis and malaria all suggest that the threat of epidemic diseases remains at an historic high. The World Atlas of Epidemic Diseases provides a timely and scholarly review of over fifty of the most important such diseases at the start of the twenty-first century. This stunningly presented collection of maps, illustrations and commentary offers an authoritative overview of the global distribution of major epidemic diseases on a variety of spatial scales from the local to the global. The Atlas is arranged in an historical sequence, beginning with classic plagues such as the 'Black Death' and cholera and moving on through smallpox and measles to 'modern' diseases such as AIDS and Legionnaires' disease. Over 400 figures are incorporated, including 150 specially drawn maps supported by micrographs of the causative agents, photographs of the disease vectors, historical prints and graphs of changing incidence. The text for each disease includes discussion of its nature and epidemiological features, its origin (where known) and historical impacts, and its global status at the start of the twenty-first century. The book concludes with an informed look towards the future, assessing the probable impacts of major medical advances on life expectancy and the chances of success of programmes for the global eradication of diseases such as polio and measles. The World Atlas of Epidemic Diseases makes a major new contribution to our knowledge of the global burden of disease and is an informative and fascinating reference on the changing distributions of disease. It will be an invaluable resource for anyone interested in the spread, control and eradication of epidemic disease.

World Atlas of Epidemic Diseases

Politics & Social Sciences

HAGGETT, PETER

Social Sciences

Hodder Education Publishers

Deciphering Global Epidemics: Analytical Approaches to the Disease Records of World Cities, 1888–1912 (Cambridge Studies in Historical Geography, Series Number 26)

This book uses data collected in the American journal Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report for some 350 cities from around the world to look at trends in global mortality at the turn of the twentieth century, a period that witnessed some of the most dramatic changes in city growth on an international scale. The diseases considered are diphtheria, enteric fever, measles, scarlet fever, tuberculosis and whooping cough--as well as death from all causes. The data have never before been systematically analyzed and they give important insights into patterns of mortality from these diseases.

Health, Fitness & Dieting

Cambridge University Press

This major worldwide study of the disease is in three parts. In Part One, Measles traces the aggressive spread of this Old World disease in the last century, following the settlement of the Americas and the opening up of Australasia. Part Two of the book looks at the disease in its heyday, as a major worldwide killer in the first half of this century. Part Three traces the rolling back of the map over the last thirty years with mass vaccination programmes reducing the impact of measles, first in the United States, then in other developed countries, and finally with WHO help in the developing world itself.

Measles: A History

Cliff, A. D.

History

Wiley/Blackwell

Smallman-Raynor, Matthew, Cliff, Andrew, Haggett, Peter

London International Atlas of AIDS (Blackwell Reference)

Blackwell Pub.

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