Lankhills and its late Roman cemetery have played a significant role in the understanding of the military in civilian areas of Roman Britain in the fourth century, and these new excavations double the number of graves explored and add to the variety of finds represented. New analytical techiques show that some of those buried were immigrants from other parts of Europe and perhaps even North Africa. The new excavations revealed a further 307 inhumation graves (plus six more partly excavated previously) and 25 more cremation burials. The most spectacular individual burial contained a gilded and inscribed crossbow brooch, silver gilt belt fitting and decorated spurs, a unique assemblage for Roman Britain. The report provides a full catalogue of the graves and a comprehensive study of the finds.

The late Roman cemetery at Lankhills, Winchester: excavations 2000-2005

History

Boyle, Angela

Booth, Paul

Simmonds, Andrew

Clough, Sharon

Ancient Civilizations

Oxford Archaeology

This volume presents the results of investigations undertaken by Oxford Archaeology between 2003 and 2011 in advance of construction of the Banbury Flood Alleviation Scheme, Oxfordshire. The main element of these investigations was an excavation at the site of a borrow pit for clay to be used in constructing the flood defences. Geophysical surveys of two other areas that revealed dense concentrations of buried archaeological remains not subsequently affected by the scheme are also reported. The excavation uncovered a multi-period landscape containing a regionally significant Neolithic occupation site, as well as later features. The Neolithic remains comprised 35 pits that produced large assemblages of flint and pottery, mainly Peterborough Ware of middle Neolithic date (associated with radiocarbon dates of c 3350-2650 BC). A single substantial but enigmatic middle Bronze Age ditch contained few finds, but these included a radius from an aurochs, one of the latest examples of this species in Britain. Late pre-Roman Iron Age occupation was represented by an oval double-ditched enclosure which, following a brief hiatus, was succeeded toward the end of the 1st century AD by a more extensive low-status farmstead. The settlement was redeveloped during the 2nd century before finally being abandoned in the early-mid 3rd century. Artefactual and palaeoenvironmental assemblages, as well as the spatial arrangement of the settlement, provided evidence regarding the economy, status and social organisation of the community. The volume includes a consideration of the results of the project in the context of Iron Age and Roman settlement of the Cherwell Valley.

The Archaeology of Banbury Flood Alleviation Scheme, Oxfordshire: Neolithic and Roman occupation in the Cherwell Valley (Oxford Archaeology Monograph)

Europe

The Patients’ Story: Dr Radcliffe's Legacy in the Age of Hospitals – Excavations at the 18th–19th Century Radcliffe – Infirmary Burial Ground, Oxford: 32 (Oxford Archaeology Monograph)

Politics & Social Sciences

Loe, Louise

Webb, Helen

Poore, Daniel

Archaeology

The valley floodplain landscape covered by the Gill Mill quarry, almost 130ha, was intensively exploited from about 300 BC at a variety of Iron Age settlements. The largest of these remained in occupation into the early 3rd century AD, but meanwhile a large nucleated settlement grew up around a road junction roughly 1km distant to the NW. This became the sole focus of occupation, covering an area of about 10ha. Featuring multiple ditched enclosures, some in very regular layouts associated with one of the roads, the settlement contained relatively few identified buildings and appears to have had a specialised economic role related to systematic cattle management, illuminated in part by large finds and environmental assemblages. It may have been an integral component of a wider estate holding and perhaps had an administrative focus (including a shrine) at its unexcavated centre. It is notable that occupation of the site had almost entirely ceased by about AD 370.

Gill Mill: Later Prehistoric Landscape and a Roman Nucleated Settlement in the Lower Windrush Valley at Gill Mill, near Witney, Oxfordshire (Thames Valley Landscapes Monograph)

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Books by Simmonds, Andrew