In Public Goods, Public Gains, Link and Scott discuss the systematic application of alternative evaluation methods to estimate the social benefits of publicly financed research and development (R&amp;D). The authors argue that economic theory should be the guiding criterion for any method of program evaluation because it focuses attention on the value and the opportunity costs of the program. The evaluation methods discussed and illustrated are both economics and, for comparison, non-economics based. The book is motivated by four foundation chapters that discuss government's role in innovation from the perspective of economic theory, review public accountability issues from both a constitutional and an historical perspective, overview systematic approaches to program evaluation, and describe the evaluation metrics typically used. Four case studies illustrate the four alternative evaluation approaches discussed. These case studies are for the U.S. Advanced Technology Program's intramural research awards program, the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology's research on wavelength references for optical fiber communications, the U.S. Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award, and the Advanced Technology Program's focused program on the integration of manufacturing applications.

Public Goods, Public Gains: Calculating the Social Benefits of Public R&D

Business & Money

Link, Albert N.

Scott, John T.

Economics

Oxford University Press

On his famous walk to Vincennes to visit the imprisoned Diderot, Rousseau had what he called an "illumination"--the realization that man was naturally good but becomes corrupted by the influence of society--a fundamental change in Rousseau's perspective that would animate all of his subsequent works. At that moment, Rousseau "saw" something he had hitherto not seen, and he made it his mission to help his readers share that vision through an array of rhetorical and literary techniques. In Rousseau's Reader, John T. Scott looks at the different strategies Rousseau used to engage and persuade the readers of his major philosophical works, including the Social Contract, Discourse on Inequality, and Emile. Considering choice of genre; textual structure; frontispieces and illustrations; shifting authorial and narrative voice; addresses to readers that alternately invite and challenge; apostrophe, metaphor, and other literary devices; and, of course, paradox, Scott explores how the form of Rousseau's writing relates to the content of his thought and vice versa. Through this skillful interplay of form and content, Rousseau engages in a profoundly transformative dialogue with his readers. While most political philosophers have focused, understandably, on Rousseau's ideas, Scott shows convincingly that the way he conveyed them is also of vital importance, especially given Rousseau's enduring interest in education. Giving readers the key to Rousseau's style, Scott offers fresh and original insights into the relationship between the substance of his thought and his literary and rhetorical techniques, which enhance our understanding of Rousseau's project and the audiences he intended to reach. &nbsp;

Rousseau's Reader: Strategies of Persuasion and Education

Literature & Fiction

History & Criticism

University of Chicago Press

Rousseau's God: Theology, Religion, and the Natural Goodness of Man

Politics & Social Sciences

Philosophy

A landmark study of Rousseau's theological and religious thought. &nbsp; John T. Scott offers a comprehensive interpretation of Rousseau's theological and religious thought, both in its own right and in relation to Rousseau's broader oeuvre. In chapters focused on different key writings, Scott reveals recurrent themes in Rousseau's views on the subject and traces their evolution over time. He shows that two concepts--truth and utility--are integral to Rousseau's writings on religion. Doing so helps to explain some of Rousseau's disagreements with his contemporaries: their different views on religion and theology stem from different understandings of human nature and the proper role of science in human life. Rousseau emphasizes not just what is true, but also what is useful--psychologically, morally, and politically--for human beings. Comprehensive and nuanced, Rousseau's God is vital to understanding key categories of Rousseau's thought.

The rise and spectacular fall of the friendship between the two great philosophers of the eighteenth century, barely six months after they first met, reverberated on both sides of the Channel. As the relationship between Jean-Jacques Rousseau and David Hume unraveled, a volley of rancorous letters was fired off, then quickly published and devoured by aristocrats, intellectuals, and common readers alike. Everyone took sides in this momentous dispute between the greatest of Enlightenment thinkers. In this lively and revealing book, Robert Zaretsky and John T. Scott explore the unfolding rift between Rousseau and Hume. The authors are particularly fascinated by the connection between the thinkers’ lives and thought, especially the way that the failure of each to understand the other—and himself—illuminates the limits of human understanding. In addition, they situate the philosophers’ quarrel in the social, political, and intellectual milieu that informed their actions, as well as the actions of the other participants in the dispute, such as James Boswell, Adam Smith, and Voltaire. By examining the conflict through the prism of each philosopher’s contribution to Western thought, Zaretsky and Scott reveal the implications for the two men as individuals and philosophers as well as for the contemporary world.

The Philosophers' Quarrel: Rousseau, Hume, and the Limits of Human Understanding

Biographies & Memoirs

Zaretsky, Robert

Professionals & Academics

Yale University Press

Arguably one of the United States' hallmark public sector research programs, the Advanced Technology Program (ATP) aims to assist US business in creating and applying new technologies in order to maintain a competitive edge in a rapidly changing world economy. Delivering a unique, systematic analysis of a public agency’s pioneering intramural research program, this book presents the first detailed case study of ATP, and provides a methodological illustration of how other public organizations should conduct such an evaluation. With an increasing number of public sector agencies and institutions undertaking program assessments in light of growing public accountability, this book will be of great interest to academics and researchers in economics, as well as policy makers involved in program evaluation.

Evaluating Public Research Institutions: The U.S. Advanced Technology Program's Intramural Research Initiative (Routledge Studies in Global Competition)

Routledge

The Routledge Guidebook to Machiavelli's The Prince (The Routledge Guides to the Great Books)

Niccolò Machiavelli’s The Prince is one of the most influential works in the history of political thought and the adjective Machiavellian is well-known and perhaps even over-used. So why does the meaning of the text continue to be debated to the present day? And how does a contemporary reader get to grips with a book full of references to the politics of the early 16th Century?   The Routledge Guidebook to Machiavelli’s The Prince provides readers with the historical background, textual analysis, and other relevant information needed for a greater understanding and appreciation of this classic text. This guidebook introduces:    the historical, political and intellectual context in which Machiavelli was working the key ideas developed by Machiavelli throughout the text and the examples he uses to illustrate them the relationship of The Prince to The Discourses and Machiavelli’s other works   Featuring a timeline, maps and suggestions for further reading throughout, this book is an invaluable guide for anyone who wants to be able to engage more fully with The Prince.

Niccolò Machiavelli’s The Prince is one of the most influential works in the history of political thought and the adjective Machiavellian is well-known and perhaps even over-used. So why does the meaning of the text continue to be debated to the present day? And how does a contemporary reader get to grips with a book full of references to the politics of the early 16th Century? The Routledge Guidebook to Machiavelli’s The Prince provides readers with the historical background, textual analysis, and other relevant information needed for a greater understanding and appreciation of this classic text. This guidebook introduces: <ul>
<li>the historical, political and intellectual context in which Machiavelli was working</li> <li>the key ideas developed by Machiavelli throughout the text and the examples he uses to illustrate them</li> <li>the relationship of The Prince to The Discourses and Machiavelli’s other works</li> </ul> Featuring a timeline, maps and suggestions for further reading throughout, this book is an invaluable guide for anyone who wants to be able to engage more fully with The Prince.

This book examines product-line diversification of large manufacturing firms. It introduces and applies methodology that discerns groups of manufacturing industries related by complementarities in production, marketing, distribution, and research and development activities. Manufacturing firms intentionally vary production to exploit these complementarities, and Professor Scott uses evidence from U.S. manaufacturing to explore hypotheses about such purposive diversification and ensuing economic performance, including product diversification's effects on both static efficiency and the optimality of R&D investment. This study yields new perspectives on the policy debate about cooperation versus competition among firms: will industrial performance be better if leading firms cooperate on research, production, and marketing? Professor Scott shows that the answers depend on circumstances that vary with different industrial environments. His analysis offers insights about business strategy and public policy toward business combinations in conglomerate, vertical, and horizontal mergers and in cooperative R&D ventures.

Purposive Diversification and Economic Performance

Cambridge University Press

See the best price to sell, buy, or rent books by Scott, John T.. BookScouter helps to compare book prices from 25+ online bookstores and 30+ buyback vendors with a single search.

Books by Scott, John T.

See the best price to sell, buy, or rent books by Scott, John T.. BookScouter helps to compare book prices from 25+ online bookstores and 30+ buyback vendors with a single search.

Public Goods, Public Gains: Calculating the Social Benefits of Public R&D

Rousseau's Reader: Strategies of Persuasion and Education

Rousseau's God: Theology, Religion, and the Natural Goodness of Man

Rousseau's God: Theology, Religion, and the Natural Goodness of Man

The Philosophers' Quarrel: Rousseau, Hume, and the Limits of Human Understanding

Evaluating Public Research Institutions: The U.S. Advanced Technology Program's Intramural Research Initiative (Routledge Studies in Global Competition)

The Routledge Guidebook to Machiavelli's The Prince (The Routledge Guides to the Great Books)

The Routledge Guidebook to Machiavelli's The Prince (The Routledge Guides to the Great Books)

Purposive Diversification and Economic Performance

Purposive Diversification and Economic Performance