Techno-Diplomacy: US-Soviet Confrontations in Science and Technology

Business & Money

Schweitzer, Glenn E.

Economics

Springer

Schweitzer draws heavily on his own experiences as the first director of the EPA's Office of Toxic Substances (1973-77) and as the director of the EPA's Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory in Las Vegas (1980-85) in this review of efforts to control hazardous chemicals from the early 1970s into the beginning of the 1990s. The emphasis is on environmental goals and on general policies and approaches in pursuit of these goals. Annotation copyright Book News, Inc. Portland, Or.

Borrowed Earth, Borrowed Time: Healing America’s Chemical Wounds (Language of Science)

Science & Math

Biological Sciences

Glenn Schweitzer sounds an alarm alerting us to the barrage of new terrorist threats targeted at Americans in the form of biological, chemical, and nuclear weapons. Superterrorism - heinous and violent acts aimed at causing massive death and destruction - poses the greatest threat to life as we know it. Schweitzer spotlights for the first time the volatile mix created when religious and other zealots join forces with mobsters, drawing on billions of dollars of laundered drug money to bankroll terrorist attacks. He warns that the tried-and-true routes for smuggling drugs and arms may become highways for contraband nuclear, chemical, and biological materials that could lead to the kind of holocaust that Americans have never known. Are we prepared for a chemical, biological, or nuclear attack? Schweitzer provides a shocking answer, but also suggests steps to prevent the worst from happening.

Superterrorism

Dorsch, Carole C.

Basic Books

During the past 25 years, the U.S. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, in collaboration with the Russian Academy of Sciences, have carried out a wide variety of activities to improve understanding of the challenges in containing and reducing ethnic conflicts, violent extremism, and terrorism. Roots and Trajectories of Violent Extremism and Terrorism provides an overview of this cross-ocean program, which has involved American and Russian scientists, engineers, and medical professionals from a large number of government agencies, leading research institutions, think tanks, educational institutions, analytical centers, and consulting and commercial firms in the two countries. This report highlights challenges addressed by the academies over many years that remain of current interest as the U.S., Russian, and other governments continue to cope with old and new forms of aggression that threaten the livelihood of populations at home and abroad.

Roots and Trajectories of Violent Extremism and Terrorism: A Cooperative Program of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences and the Russian Academy of Sciences (1995-2020) (Nchrp Report)

Engineering & Transportation

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Policy and Global Affairs

Development, Security, and Cooperation

Engineering

National Academies Press

This report is intended to provide a brief historical perspective of the evolution of the interacademy program during the past half-century, recognizing that many legacies of the Soviet era continue to influence government approaches in Moscow and Washington and to shape the attitudes of researchers toward bilateral cooperation in both countries (of special interest is the changing character of the program during the age of perestroika (restructuring) in the late 1980s in the Soviet Union); to describe in some detail the significant interacademy activities from late 1991, when the Soviet Union fragmented, to mid-2003; and to set forth lessons learned about the benefits and limitations of interacademy cooperation and to highlight approaches that have been successful in overcoming difficulties of implementation. Table of ContentsFront Matter1. U.S.-soviet Scientific Cooperation in the Age of Confrontation2. Perestroika and Expansion of Scientific Cooperation3. Emergence of the New Russia: High Expectations, Harsh Realities, and the Path Ahead4. National Security Issues and a Wider Agenda for Cooperation5. Supporting Innovation: From Basic Research to Payment for Sales6. Lessons Learned and the Future of the Interacademy ProgramEpilogueAppendix A: Highlights of Early U.S.-Soviet Relations (1725-1957)Appendix B: Agreement of the Exchange of Scientists between the National Academy of Sciences of the USA and the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1959)Appendix C: Agreement on Cooperation in Science, Engineering, and Health between the U.S. National Academies and the Russian Academy of Sciences (2002)Appendix D: Agreement for Scientifc Cooperation between the Institute of Medicine of the USA and the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR (1988)Appendix E: Joint Statement by the Presidents of the U.S. National Academies and the Russian Academy of Sciences [on Preventing and Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons and Nuclear Material], February 22, 2002Appendix F: Annex 2 to the Agreement on Cooperation in Science, Engineering, and Health between the U.S. National Academies and the Russian Academy of Sciences (2002)Appendix G: Joint Statement by the Presidents of the U.S. National Academies and the Russian Academy of Sciences [ on the Development of Knowledge-Based Economics], February 22, 2002Appendix H: Cooperation Between U.S. and Russian Academies Encourages Russian Investments in Innoative ResearchAppendix I: Innovation in the Russian Federation (2001)Appendix J: Personal Trends in the Russian Academy of SciencesAppendix K: Innovation Projects of National SignificanceAppendix L: The Threats to Russia (View of the Ministry for Emergency Situations)References

Scientists, Engineers, and Track-Two Diplomacy: A Half-Century of U.S.-Russian Interacademy Cooperation

National, Research Council

In 2010, the National Research Council published the report U.S-Iran Engagement in Science, Engineering, and Medicine (2000-2009). The review of the program described in detail the National Academiesâ€™ science, technology, and health cooperation program carried out jointly with partners in Iran (otherwise known as science-engagement). The purpose of this new publication is to document the history and details of the National Academiesâ€™ program of science-engagement from 2010 through 2016, while providing a perspective in considering future science-engagement. A variety of cooperative activities, and particularly workshops that dominated science-engagement during that period, are highlighted.

U.S.-Iran Engagement in Science, Engineering, and Health (2010-2016): A Resilient Program but an Uncertain Future

Containing Russia's Nuclear Firebirds: Harmony and Change at the International Science and Technology Center (Studies in Security and International Affairs)

In Containing Russia’s Nuclear Firebirds, Glenn E. Schweitzer explores the life and legacy of the International Science and Technology Center in Moscow. He makes the case that the center’s unique programs can serve as models for promoting responsible science in many countries of the world.
Never before have scientists encountered technology with the potential for such huge impacts on the global community, both positive and negative. For nearly two decades following the Soviet Union’s breakup into independent states, the ISTC has provided opportunities for underemployed Russian weapon scientists to redirect their talents toward civilian research. The center has championed the role of science in determining the future of civilization and has influenced nonproliferation policies of Russia and other states in the region. Most important, the center has demonstrated that modest investments can encourage scientists of many backgrounds to shun greed and violence and to take leading roles in steering the planet toward prosperity and peace.
Schweitzer contends that the United States and other western and Asian countries failed to recognize the importance, over time, of modifying their donor-recipient approach to dealing with Russia. In April 2010 the Russian government announced that it would withdraw from the ISTC agreement. After expenditures exceeding one billion dollars, the ISTC’s Moscow Science Center will soon close its doors, leaving a legacy that has benefited Russian society as well as partners from thirty-eight countries. Schweitzer argues that a broader and more sustained movement is now needed to help prevent irresponsible behavior by dissatisfied or misguided scientists and their patrons.

History

Russia

University of Georgia Press

At the end of the cold war, the collaborative endeavors undertaken by American and Soviet scientists and engineers took on a new dimension. With the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Russian scientists, once the pride of the Soviet system, suddenly were faced with unpaid salaries, canceled journal subscriptions, inoperable experimental equipment, disconnected telephones, even the lack of heat in laboratories. Forced to look abroad for support, virtually every scientific, engineering, and educational organization has invested scarce resources in efforts to attract and retain partners from the United States. In response, U.S. government agencies have committed more than $2.6 billion to the support of joint programs, and American companies, eager to see their collaborative ventures through to fruition as well as to gain access to Russian know-how and resources, have begun routinely to pay for both ends of these arrangements.In Experiments in Cooperation, the third book in the Twentieth Century Fund's Russia in Transition series, Glenn E. Schweitzer examines the recent history of U.S.-Russian scientific and technological collaboration. Outlining the complex motivations of Russian and U.S. government agencies, businesses, and the scientific community, Schweitzer evaluates the successes and failures of current ventures from both the Russian and U.S. perspectives and makes recommendations for improving the outcome for both sides. In particular, Schweitzer makes a distinction between assistance and technical cooperation, focusing on the latter, and addresses the issue of tailoring programs for Russia's distinctive needs rather than trying simply to replicate successes from elsewhere in Eastern Europe. Although he recognizes that there are severe limitations on the capabilities of Russian science today, Schweitzer argues that Russian researchers are often in the best position to develop suitable proposals for cooperative ventures and to assess their merits.

Experiments in Cooperation: Assessing U.s.-russian Programs in Science and Technology (Russia in Transition)

Priority Pr Pubns

As the Soviet Union was collapsing in late 1991, reports began to reach the West about agents "shopping" for weapons systems - and weapons scientists - in the beleaguered Soviet military-industrial complex. In response, the United States, the European Community, and Japan, in cooperation with the Russian government, created a program to reemploy Soviet scientific personnel in civilian projects dealing with the legacy of the Soviet system - a polluted environment, unsafe nuclear power facilities, and economic underdevelopment. In this fascinating first-person account, the American environmental scientist who led the effort to establish the International Science and Technology Center in Moscow tells the diplomatic, scientific, and human story behind a remarkable post-Cold War conversion initiative.

Moscow DMZ: The Story of the International Effort to Convert Russian Weapons Science to Peaceful Purposes: The Story of the International Effort to Convert Russian Weapons Science to Peaceful Purposes

Industries

Routledge

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