This volume presents specialist reports on the Late Iron Age and Roman artefacts recovered from Springhead and Northfleet. These include over 2 tonnes of pottery, 1,756 coins and tokens, over 2,500 other metal small finds and 3,000 nails. The metal finds include items of personal adornment and dress, household utensils and furniture, objects for weighing and measuring, pieces of toilet or medical equipment, tools associated with manufacture and agriculture, military equipment and votive and religious pieces. Quantities of iron slag, ceramic building material and wall plaster, woodwork, 95 rotary querns and at least two pipeclay Venus figurines, along with glass, leather shoes and objects of bone are also reported. Together this huge assemblage helps paint a picture of life, religious activity and death in the settlement and temple complexes with their associated roads, riverside structures and cemeteries, and of the nearby Northfleet Villa.

Settling the Ebbsfleet Valley: CTRL Excavations at Springhead and Northfleet, Kent - The Late Iron Age, Roman, Saxon, and Medieval Landscape: Volume 2 - Late Iron Age to Roman Finds Reports

History

Biddulph, Edward

Seager Smith, Rachael

Schuster, Jörn

Ancient Civilizations

Wessex Archaeology

<p>The detailed specialist reports in this volume cover all the Saxon and later finds recovered during the reported excavations, including human bone and animal bone, and environmental remains and dating evidence relating to contemporary landscape, subsistence and economy. Fifth to early 6th-century pottery was recovered from the Northfleet villa site, including from demolition layers over the Roman buildings, nine sunken-featured buildings and the area of the Saxon mill. The metal small finds come largely from 36 graves in two cemeteries, which contained 30 individuals. A small quantity of smithing slag was recovered as well as ceramic building material, fired clay and daub and objects of bone. A wooden bowl and a very early example of a wood plane are unusual finds. The animal bone assemblage is largely comprised of domestic animals indicating mixed farming supplemented by a little hunting and with charred plant remains from locally grown crops.</p>

Settling the Ebbsfleet Valley: CTRL Excavations at Springhead and Northfleet, Kent - The Late Iron Age, Roman, Saxon, and Medieval Landscape: Volume 4 - Post-Roman Finds and Environmental Reports

Stevens, Chris J.

Andrews, Phil

Mepham, Lorraine

Excavations at Cliffs End Farm, Thanet, Kent, undertaken in 2004/5 uncovered a dense area of archaeological remains including Bronze Age barrows and enclosures, and a large prehistoric mortuary feature, as well as a small early 6th to late 7th century Anglo-Saxon inhumation cemetery. An extraordinary series of human and animal remains were recovered from the Late Bronze Age–Middle Iron Age mortuary feature, revealing a wealth of evidence for mortuary rites including exposure, excarnation and curation. The site seems to have been largely abandoned in the later Iron Age and very little Romano-British activity was identified. In the early 6th century a small inhumation cemetery was established. Very little human bone survived within the 21 graves, where the burial environment differed from that within the prehistoric mortuary feature, but grave goods indicate ‘females’ and ‘males’ were buried here. Richly furnished graves included that of a ‘female’ buried with a necklace, a pair of brooches and a purse, as well as a ‘male’ with a shield covering his face, a knife and spearhead. In the Middle Saxon period lines of pits, possibly delineating boundaries, were dug, some of which contained large deposits of marine shells. English Heritage funded an extensive program of radiocarbon and isotope analyses, which have produced some surprising results that shed new light on long distance contacts, mobility and mortuary rites during later prehistory.  This volume presents the results of the investigations together with the scientific analyses, human bone, artifact and environmental reports.

Cliffs End Farm Isle of Thanet, Kent: A mortuary and ritual site of the Bronze Age, Iron Age and Anglo-Saxon period with evidence for long-distance maritime mobility (Wessex Archaeology Reports)

Barclay, Alistair

McKinley, Jacqueline I.

Stoodley, Nick

Leivers, Matt

Marshall, Peter

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