Explaining Inequality

Inequalities in incomes and wealth have increased in advanced countries, making our economies less dynamic, our societies more unjust and our political processes less democratic. As a result, reducing inequalities is now a major economic, social and political challenge. This book provides a concise yet comprehensive overview of the economics of inequality.  Until recently economic inequality has been the object of limited research efforts, attracting only modest attention in the political arena; despite important advances in the knowledge of its dimensions, a convincing understanding of the mechanisms at its roots is still lacking. This book summarizes the topic and provides an interpretation of the mechanisms responsible for increased disparities. Building on this analysis the book argues for an integrated set of policies addressing the roots of inequalities in incomes and wealth  Explaining Inequality will be of interest to students, researchers and practitioners concerned with inequality, economic and public policy and political economy.

Business & Money

Pianta, Mario

Franzini, Maurizio

Business Culture

Routledge

Advanced countries have shown an increasing convergence in their economic performance and technological intensity, with a relative decline of the position of the United States and the emergence of the European and Japanese economies. The Technological Specialization of Advanced Countries moves beyond aggregate patterns and examines the sectoral structure of technological activities, the process of specialization, and the impact on national performance.  Indicators of technology and of scientific activity are examined together with other economic and R & D data, providing a wealth of empirical evidence on the activities, and areas of strength and weakness of individual countries. The amount of disaggregated data provided, and the assessment offered on the state of art in science and technology indicators, make The Technological Specialization of Advanced Countries an important reference work.  A description of the fields of national effort is provided and a special study is devoted to the fields of greater innovative dynamism where patenting has grown most rapidly. Over time, countries have concentrated their technological efforts in the fields of their greater strength, under the pressure of increasing international competition and the proprietary nature of know how. Conversely, in science there has generally been a decrease in the degree of specialization, with countries entering new fields of research, taking advantage of the open flow of scientific knowledge.  For science and technology policy, the findings of The Technological Specialization of Advanced Countries suggest that national efforts should be combined with the growing international integration. The aims of maintaining established areas of strength and of developing new specializations in emerging fields should be balanced, and a more selective policy at the sectoral level is suggested.

The Technological Specialization of Advanced Countries: A Report to the EEC on International Science and Technology Activities

Archibugi, D.

Economics

Springer

Disuguaglianze. Quante sono, come combatterle

Laterza

Advanced countries have shown an increasing convergence in  their economic performance and technological intensity, with a  relative decline of the position of the United States and the  emergence of the European and Japanese economies. The Technological  Specialization of Advanced Countries moves beyond aggregate  patterns and examines the sectoral structure of technological  activities, the process of specialization, and the impact on national  performance.   Indicators of technology and of scientific activity are examined  together with other economic and R & D data, providing a wealth of  empirical evidence on the activities, and areas of strength and  weakness of individual countries. The amount of disaggregated data  provided, and the assessment offered on the state of art in science  and technology indicators, make The Technological Specialization  of Advanced Countries an important reference work.   A description of the fields of national effort is provided and a  special study is devoted to the fields of greater innovative dynamism  where patenting has grown most rapidly. Over time, countries have  concentrated their technological efforts in the fields of their  greater strength, under the pressure of increasing international  competition and the proprietary nature of know how. Conversely, in  science there has generally been a decrease in the degree of  specialization, with countries entering new fields of research, taking  advantage of the open flow of scientific knowledge.   For science and technology policy, the findings of The  Technological Specialization of Advanced Countries suggest  that national efforts should be combined with the growing  international integration. The aims of maintaining established areas  of strength and of developing new specializations in emerging fields  should be balanced, and a more selective policy at the sectoral level  is suggested.

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