Study guide to accompany Experimental psychology: Understanding psychological research, third edition

Payne, David G.

Reference

West Pub. Co.

How the nature and data from cognitive research &amp; experiments are used to evaluate theories.

Cognitive Psychology

Science & Math

Berstein, Douglas A.

Behavioral Sciences

Houghton Mifflin College Div.

Applied Cognitive Psychology (Challenges and Controversies in Applied Cognition Series)

The field of applied cognitive psychology represents a new emphasis within cognitive psychology. Although interesting applied research has been published over the last several decades, and more frequently in the last dozen years, this is the first comprehensive book written about the progress in this new applied area. This text presents the theory and methodology of cognitive psychology that may be applied to problems of the real world and describes the current range of cognitive applications to real-world situations. In addition, Applied Cognitive Psychology: *identifies the rudimentary principles of basic theory (e.g., perception, comprehension, learning, retention, remembering, reasoning, problem solving, and communication) that lend themselves to application; *examines a range of cognitive products and services; *begins with an explanation of the differences between basic and applied science, especially in cognitive psychology across discipline areas; *is the first cognitive text to familiarize students with the institutional and social factors that affect communication between basic and applied researchers and, therefore, determine the success of application efforts; *presents applications important to many problems in society and demonstrates the value of basic research in leading to these important applications; and *cites a substantial number of references to help readers who want to apply cognitive psychology to do so. The text is intended to be used by students who are concurrently studying cognitive psychology or applied cognitive psychology. It could be used with graduate students as well as with undergraduates.

Applied Cognitive Psychology: A Textbook (Challenges and Controversies in Applied Cognition Series)

Health, Fitness & Dieting

Herrmann, Douglas J.

Gruneberg, Michael

Yoder, Carol Y.

Mental Health

Psychology Press

Modern neuroscience, in describing the way our brain processes our sensory inputs, has transformed the way we see ourselves in relation to the world. This demands a radical reevaluation of traditional philosophical topics. In this text I attempt to outline a modern methodology which emphasizes the importance of theory in our lives. Theorizing is a liberating concept that allows us to articulate ourselves more carefully and more fully than ever before. It connects us with every living and non-living thing in the world, and emphasizes in particular our connections with other humans via empathy and reciprocal altruism. In short, the destruction of our old safely anchored conception of the world is the best thing that ever happened to us, but we must reflect upon our lives in light of these changes in order to take advantage of them. This text is designed to help you begin this process of self-examination by explaining, in ordinary language, how we experience the world, process that experience, and what this means to us in our everyday life.

Xcogitate - 2nd Edition: An Introduction to the Examined Life

Politics & Social Sciences

Philosophy

CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform

Vaihinger… shows that thought is primarily a biological function turned into a conscious art. It is an art of adjustment, whose chief instrument is the construction of fictions by which men may manage to live. Thought is to be tested not by correspondence to an objective reality (that fiction is neatly disposed of) nor by its mirroring in consciousness an objective external world. Thought is to be tested by its fruits. The constructions of thought are not copies of or transcripts of reality; they are programs, guess-work plans; possible programs for operation. Their validity is to be measured not by verisimilitude but by value. The fruits of thought are not “true,” but especially where they are false, it may be important to act as if they were true… Vaihinger’s chief originality consists in his defining of fictions and his distinction of fictions from hypotheses on the one hand, and from dogmatisms on the other. An hypothesis is a tentative discovery about the universe; a fiction is a deliberate, often clearly false and internally contradictory invention of thought… Evolution is the hypothesis that man is descended from the lower animals. We assume that we can indirectly turn to the remote facts which would justify that hypothesis. But the concept of infinity in the calculus, the atom and the ether in physics, the economic man in Adam Smith, are deliberate self-contradictory fictions, and fictions at variance with all experience. But though they are not only imaginary, false to the reality they allegedly represent and logically incoherent, they nevertheless facilitate thought and proper action. They are vital lies, human conveniences. They are the faiths, the palpably false faiths, the clearly useful falsities by which we live… The discovery that fictions were fictions has led, in the past, says Vaihinger, to an abandonment of them, and a turning to other fictions believed to be truer. Pathetic and foolish adventure! What the race needs is more faith in its own effective imaginations. The myths that it has told itself, the world pictures that it has made, are not to be dismissed because they are found to be creations of the imagination. They tally with no world and they carry the canker of logical inconsistency within them. The important thing is their utility; their human scope and mortal relevance. If we ceased making fictions, we should cease altogether to be. Let us beware to plunge from fruitful fictions to less fruitful ones that masquerade as truths and are really dogmatisms. (Review of As If by Irwin Edman, Saturday Review of Literature, 10 January, 1925) This is a well-formatted version of C.K. Ogden’s translation of Philosophie des Als Ob, originally published in 1925 by Kegan Paul.

The Philosophy of "As If": A System of the Theoretical, Practical and Religious Fictions of Mankind

Vaihinger, Hans

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