Genome editing is a powerful new tool for making precise alterations to an organismâ€™s genetic material. Recent scientific advances have made genome editing more efficient, precise, and flexible than ever before. These advances have spurred an explosion of interest from around the globe in the possible ways in which genome editing can improve human health. The speed at which these technologies are being developed and applied has led many policymakers and stakeholders to express concern about whether appropriate systems are in place to govern these technologies and how and when the public should be engaged in these decisions. Human Genome Editing considers important questions about the human application of genome editing including: balancing potential benefits with unintended risks, governing the use of genome editing, incorporating societal values into clinical applications and policy decisions, and respecting the inevitable differences across nations and cultures that will shape how and whether to use these new technologies. This report proposes criteria for heritable germline editing, provides conclusions on the crucial need for public education and engagement, and presents 7 general principles for the governance of human genome editing. Table of Contents <ul>
<li>Front Matter</li>
<li>Summary</li>
<li>1 Introduction</li>
<li>2 Oversight of Human Genome Editing and Overarching Principles for Governance</li>
<li>3 Basic Research Using Genome Editing</li>
<li>4 Somatic Genome Editing</li>
<li>5 Heritable Genome Editing</li>
<li>6 Enhancement</li>
<li>7 Public Engagement</li>
<li>8 Summary of Principles and Recommendations</li>
<li>References</li>
<li>Appendix A: The Basic Science of Genome Editing</li>
<li>Appendix B: International Research Oversight and Regulations</li>
<li>Appendix C: Data Sources and Methods</li>
<li>Appendix D: Committee Member Biographies</li>
<li>Appendix E: Glossary</li>
</ul>

Human Genome Editing: Science, Ethics, and Governance

Science & Math

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

National Academy Of Sciences

National Academy of Medicine

Committee on Human Gene Editing: Scientific, Medical, and Ethical Considerations

Biological Sciences

National Academies Press

Global Roadmap for Healthy Longevity (The Consensus Study Report)

Politics & Social Sciences

Commission for a Global Roadmap for Healthy Longevity

Social Sciences

Patient-centered, high-quality health care relies on the well-being, health, and safety of health care clinicians. However, alarmingly high rates of clinician burnout in the United States are detrimental to the quality of care being provided, harmful to individuals in the workforce, and costly. It is important to take a systemic approach to address burnout that focuses on the structure, organization, and culture of health care. Taking Action Against Clinician Burnout: A Systems Approach to Professional Well-Being builds upon two groundbreaking reports from the past twenty years, To Err Is Human: Building a Safer Health System and Crossing the Quality Chasm: A New Health System for the 21st Century, which both called attention to the issues around patient safety and quality of care. This report explores the extent, consequences, and contributing factors of clinician burnout and provides a framework for a systems approach to clinician burnout and professional well-being, a research agenda to advance clinician well-being, and recommendations for the field. Table of Contents <ul>
<li>Front Matter</li>
<li>Summary</li>
<li>1 Introduction</li>
<li>2 A Framework for a Systems Approach to Clinician Burnout and Professional Well-Being</li>
<li>3 Extent and Consequences of Clinician Burnout</li>
<li>4 Factors Contributing to Clinician Burnout and Professional Well-Being</li>
<li>5 Healthy and Safe Health Care Organizations</li>
<li>6 The Influence of the External Environment on Clinician Burnout and Professional Well-Being</li>
<li>7 Health Information Technology</li>
<li>8 Student and Trainee Burnout and Professional Well-Being</li>
<li>9 A Research Agenda to Advance Clinician Professional Well-Being</li>
<li>10 Conclusions and Recommendations</li>
<li>Appendix A: Committee and Staff Biographies</li>
<li>Appendix B: Medicare Program, The Joint Commission, and International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Documentation and Coding Requirements</li>
</ul>

Taking Action Against Clinician Burnout: A Systems Approach to Professional Well-Being

Business & Money

Committee on Systems Approaches to Improve Patient Care by Supporting Clinician Well-Being

Business Culture

Heritable human genome editing - making changes to the genetic material of eggs, sperm, or any cells that lead to their development, including the cells of early embryos, and establishing a pregnancy - raises not only scientific and medical considerations but also a host of ethical, moral, and societal issues. Human embryos whose genomes have been edited should not be used to create a pregnancy until it is established that precise genomic changes can be made reliably and without introducing undesired changes - criteria that have not yet been met, says Heritable Human Genome Editing. From an international commission of the U.S. National Academy of Medicine, U.S. National Academy of Sciences, and the U.K.'s Royal Society, the report considers potential benefits, harms, and uncertainties associated with genome editing technologies and defines a translational pathway from rigorous preclinical research to initial clinical uses, should a country decide to permit such uses. The report specifies stringent preclinical and clinical requirements for establishing safety and efficacy, and for undertaking long-term monitoring of outcomes. Extensive national and international dialogue is needed before any country decides whether to permit clinical use of this technology, according to the report, which identifies essential elements of national and international scientific governance and oversight.

Heritable Human Genome Editing (Consensus Study Report)

The Royal Society

International Commission on the Clinical Use of Human Germline Genome Editing

Evolution

The decade ahead will test the nation's nearly 4 million nurses in new and complex ways. Nurses live and work at the intersection of health, education, and communities. Nurses work in a wide array of settings and practice at a range of professional levels. They are often the first and most frequent line of contact with people of all backgrounds and experiences seeking care and they represent the largest of the health care professions. A nation cannot fully thrive until everyone - no matter who they are, where they live, or how much money they make - can live their healthiest possible life, and helping people live their healthiest life is and has always been the essential role of nurses. Nurses have a critical role to play in achieving the goal of health equity, but they need robust education, supportive work environments, and autonomy. Accordingly, at the request of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, on behalf of the National Academy of Medicine, an ad hoc committee under the auspices of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine conducted a study aimed at envisioning and charting a path forward for the nursing profession to help reduce inequities in people's ability to achieve their full health potential. The ultimate goal is the achievement of health equity in the United States built on strengthened nursing capacity and expertise. By leveraging these attributes, nursing will help to create and contribute comprehensively to equitable public health and health care systems that are designed to work for everyone. The Future of Nursing 2020-2030: Charting a Path to Achieve Health Equity explores how nurses can work to reduce health disparities and promote equity, while keeping costs at bay, utilizing technology, and maintaining patient and family-focused care into 2030. This work builds on the foundation set out by The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health (2011) report.

The Future of Nursing 2020-2030: Charting a Path to Achieve Health Equity

Medical Books

Committee on the Future of Nursing 2020?2030

Administration & Medicine Economics

Emerging Stronger from COVID-19: Priorities for Health System Transformation

The Learning Health System Series

A History of the National Academy of Medicine: 50 Years of Transformational Leadership

Berkowitz, Edward

Schultz, Andrea

DeStefano, Laura Harbold

Transforming Human Health: Celebrating 50 Years of Discovery and Progress

National Plan for Health Workforce Well-Being

Action Collaborative on Clinician Well-Being and Resilience

The emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) in health care offers unprecedented opportunities to improve patient and clinical team outcomes, reduce costs, and impact population health. While there have been a number of promising examples of AI applications in health care, it is imperative to proceed with caution or risk the potential of user disillusionment, another AI winter, or further exacerbation of existing health- and technology-driven disparities. This Special Publication synthesizes current knowledge to offer a reference document for relevant health care stakeholders. It outlines the current and near-term AI solutions; highlights the challenges, limitations, and best practices for AI development, adoption, and maintenance; offers an overview of the legal and regulatory landscape for AI tools designed for health care application; prioritizes the need for equity, inclusion, and a human rights lens for this work; and outlines key considerations for moving forward. AI is poised to make transformative and disruptive advances in health care, but it is prudent to balance the need for thoughtful, inclusive health care AI that plans for and actively manages and reduces potential unintended consequences, while not yielding to marketing hype and profit motives.

Artificial Intelligence in Health Care: The Hope, the Hype, the Promise, the Peril

Computers & Technology

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