<p>Surveying is essentially the science of measurement of the spatial positions of the features on or near the surface of the earth. The practice of surveying is changing rapidly because of the availability of electronically controlled instruments, automatic capture and rapid transfer of field measurements, widespread adoption of the Global Positioning system GPS , and the proliferation of various geographic Land Information Systems GIS/LIS . Nevertheless, the principles underlying the new technology remain fairly constant. For example, the basic equations and computing techniques presented in this book are used to develop the computer programs employed by the practicing surveyor. Software is available for practically any situation encountered by the surveyor, including coordinate geometry, traverse calculations, adjustment computations, directions from astronomical observations, road design and layout, earthwork calculations, and stake-out data. The authors have attempted to present the material underlying these forgoing advances in such a way that the student can learn the principles of surveying by self-study. References at the ends of the chapters are intended to expand the knowledge acquired throughout study of the basic principles found in the book. Several major revisions have been made since the previous edition. Moreover, every chapter has been brought up to date and changed , although some only slightly. The information on Inertial Surveying has been dropped completely. Chapter 10 is devoted to GPS, thus separating traditional control surveying from this expanding technology and providing a simple but comprehensive explanation of GPS. Emphasis is placed on the NAD 83 as contrasted with NAD 27, as the redefinitions of the control networks in North America are now complete and the new datum is being utilized at a rapidly growing rate. In Chapter 11 we provide a computer program TRANSFOR to compute state plane coordinates. The examples provided with the program are the same as those given in the text. Chapter 20 on Geographic Information Systems has been added, along with a problem set and a compete and an extensive bibliography. Appendix A has been shortened considerably be removing the sections no the adjustment of triangulation. We have worked hard to make this book readable and easy to understand, while at the same time presenting current material that will be valuable to the modern surveyor. ACSM Bulletin , published by the American Congress on Surveying and Mapping, 5410 Grosvenor Lane, Bethesda, MD 20814, 301 493-0200. Geodetical Information Magazine , published by the Geodetical Information and Trading Center, G.I.T.C.b.v., Villa Novalaan 14, 8531 HS Lemmer, The Netherlands, +31 0 -5416-1854. GeoInfo Systems , published by the Advanstar Communications, 859 Willamette Street, Eugene, OR 97400, 541 343-1200. GIS World , published by GIS World Inc., 155 E. Boardwalk Drive, Suite 250, Fort Collins CO 80525, 970 223-4848. GPS World , published by GPS World Corporation, 859 Willamette Street, Eugene OR 97440, 503 343-1200 Point of Beginning , better known as P.O.B., Published by Business News Publishing Company, P.O. Box 7069, 755 West Big Beaver Road, Suite 1000, Troy, MI 48007, 810 362-3700 Professional Surveyor , published by Professional Surveyors Publishing Company, Inc. Suite 501, 2300 Ninth Street South, Arlington, VA 22204-2320, 703 892-0733. Surveying and Land Information Systems , published by the American Congress on Surveying and Mapping. Technical Papers of the Annual and Fall conventions of the American Congress on Surveying and Mapping . The majority of the articles listed in the bibliographies are take from the publications listed above.</p>

Surveying

Science & Math

Moffitt, Francis

Bossler, John

Astronomy & Space Science

Pearson

Photogrammetry

Engineering & Transportation

Engineering

International Textbook Co.

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