The aim of this book is to make accessible to mathematicians, physicists, and other scientists interested in quantum theory, the beautiful but mathematically difficult subjects of the Feynman integral and Feynman's operational calculus. There are many advantages to certain approaches to the Feynman integral which are discussed in detail and much of the material covered has only been previously available in research literature. This book not only brings together all the available background material in mathematics and physics that motivates the study of the Feynman integral and Feynman's operational calculus, it also includes detailed proofs for the central results and many new or recently discovered results in one complete volume.

The Feynman Integral and Feynman's Operational Calculus (Oxford Mathematical Monographs)

Science & Math

Michel L. Lapidus

Gerald W. Johnson

Biological Sciences

Oxford University Press

This book should appeal to geometers, fractalists, mathematical physicists and number theorists, as well as to graduate students in these fields and others interested in gaining insight into these rich areas either for its own sake or with a view to applications.

Fractal Geometry and Number Theory: Complex Dimensions of Fractal Strings and Zeros of Zeta Functions

Machiel Van Frankenhuysen

Mathematics

Springer Verlag AG

A fractal drum is a bounded open subset of R. m with a fractal boundary. A difficult problem is to describe the relationship between the shape (geo metry) of the drum and its sound (its spectrum). In this book, we restrict ourselves to the one-dimensional case of fractal strings, and their higher dimensional analogues, fractal sprays. We develop a theory of complex di mensions of a fractal string, and we study how these complex dimensions relate the geometry with the spectrum of the fractal string. We refer the reader to [Berrl-2, Lapl-4, LapPol-3, LapMal-2, HeLapl-2] and the ref erences therein for further physical and mathematical motivations of this work. (Also see, in particular, Sections 7. 1, 10. 3 and 10. 4, along with Ap pendix B. ) In Chapter 1, we introduce the basic object of our research, fractal strings (see [Lapl-3, LapPol-3, LapMal-2, HeLapl-2]). A 'standard fractal string' is a bounded open subset of the real line. Such a set is a disjoint union of open intervals, the lengths of which form a sequence which we assume to be infinite. Important information about the geometry of . c is contained in its geometric zeta function (c(8) = L lj. j=l 2 Introduction We assume throughout that this function has a suitable meromorphic ex tension. The central notion of this book, the complex dimensions of a fractal string . c, is defined as the poles of the meromorphic extension of (c.

Fractal Geometry and Number Theory

Birkhauser

The original zeta function was studied by Riemann as part of his investigation of the distribution of prime numbers. Other sorts of zeta functions were defined for number-theoretic purposes, such as the study of primes in arithmetic progressions. This led to the development of $L$-functions, which now have several guises. It eventually became clear that the basic construction used for number-theoretic zeta functions can also be used in other settings, such as dynamics, geometry, and spectral theory, with remarkable results. This volume grew out of the special session on dynamical, spectral, and arithmetic zeta functions held at the annual meeting of the American Mathematical Society in San Antonio, but also includes four articles that were invited to be part of the collection. The purpose of the meeting was to bring together leading researchers, to find links and analogies between their fields, and to explore new methods. The papers discuss dynamical systems, spectral geometry on hyperbolic manifolds, trace formulas in geometry and in arithmetic, as well as computational work on the Riemann zeta function. Each article employs techniques of zeta functions. The book unifies the application of these techniques in spectral geometry, fractal geometry, and number theory. It is a comprehensive volume, offering up-to-date research. It should be useful to both graduate students and confirmed researchers.

Dynamical, Spectral, and Arithmetic Zeta Functions

Amer Mathematical Society

Formulated in 1859, the Riemann Hypothesis is the most celebrated and multifaceted open problem in mathematics. In essence, it states that the primes are distributed as harmoniously as possible--or, equivalently, that the Riemann zeros are located on a single vertical line, called the critical line. In this book, the author proposes a new approach to understand and possibly solve the Riemann Hypothesis. His reformulation builds upon earlier (joint) work on complex fractal dimensions and the vibrations of fractal strings, combined with string theory and noncommutative geometry. Accordingly, it relies on the new notion of a fractal membrane or quantized fractal string, along with the modular flow on the associated moduli space of fractal membranes. Conjecturally, under the action of the modular flow, the spacetime geometries become increasingly symmetric and crystal-like, hence, arithmetic. Correspondingly, the zeros of the associated zeta functions eventually condense onto the critical line, towards which they are attracted, thereby explaining why the Riemann Hypothesis must be true. Written with a diverse audience in mind, this unique book is suitable for graduate students, experts and nonexperts alike, with an interest in number theory, analysis, dynamical systems, arithmetic, fractal or noncommutative geometry, and mathematical or theoretical physics.

In Search of the Riemann Zeros

American Mathematical Society

Fractal Geometry, Complex Dimensions and Zeta Functions: Geometry and Spectra of Fractal Strings (Springer Monographs in Mathematics)

Machiel van Frankenhuijsen

Springer

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Books by Michel L. Lapidus