This library exhibition catalogue is a survey of current knowledge about the Ukrainian Famine of 1932-1933. Intended to be a ready source of information and documentation as well as a guide for further research, this publication consists of a concise, well-illustrated historical narrative, a brief summary of scholarly research on the subject, excerpts from a wide range of sources, and an extensive bibliography.  The following aspects of the Famine and its historical context are presented: the Ukrainian Revolution 1917-1921; the development of Bolshevik policy toward the nationalities and the peasantry; the Ukrainian Socialist Soviet Republic arid the policy of Ukrainization; the Ukrainian cultural renaissance of the 1920s; Stalin's seizure of power--purges, collectivization, and industrialization; the Famine in the contemporary western press; the Famine in memoirs and published eyewitness accounts; the Famine in literature; and commemoration of the fiftieth anniversary of the Famine.

Famine in the Soviet Ukraine 1932-1933: A Memorial Exhibition

History

Mace, James E.

Heretz, Leonid

Procyk, Oksana

Europe

Harvard College Library

In 1917, the Russian Empire disintegrated into a number of local regimes, presaging what would happen to Austria-Hungary the following year. In contrast to what happened in the Habsburg lands, Lenin's Bolsheviks, self-proclaimed anti-imperialists, managed to reconquer most of Russia's former colonies but discovered that they could not create stable regimes without granting some concessions to national aspirations. This led in 1923 to the adoption of a policy of korenizatsiia (indigenization): official sponsorship of non-Russian cultural development and active recruitment of non-Russians into the regimes of the so-called borderlands of the empire.
The twenty-three million Ukrainians who found themselves under Soviet rule after the defeat of the independent Ukrainian Peoples Republic largely accepted the opportunities afforded by Ukrainization, the local version of korenizatsiia, and pushed it farther than any of its counterparts. Many prominent émigrés returned to help develop their national culture and sparked a flowering of aesthetic and intellectual creativity unique in Ukrainian history. Ukrainians refer to this brief period as the rozstriliane vidrodzhennia, the executed rebirth, because of its abrupt and violent suppression in the 1930s.
Ukrainization originally meant active recruitment of Ukrainians into the Communist Party and Soviet state. Soon it became apparent that it had actually legitimized a certain measure of Ukrainian aspirations within the Party itself. Ukrainian communists came to demand far greater self-determination than Moscow would tolerate. Those who made such demands in the 1920s were labelled "national deviationists" and cast beyond the pale, but not before the issues they raised engulfed the regime in a major political crisis.

Communism and the Dilemmas of National Liberation: National Communism in Soviet Ukraine, 1918–1933 (Harvard Series in Ukrainian Studies)

Russia

Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute

HUMAN LIFE IN RUSSIA BY DR. EWALD AMMENDE PREFACE FOR the last fifteen years the author has championed this view that the rendering of assistance to those inhabitants oi Russia who are in danger of death from hunger or malnutrition is a problem which concerns the whole of civilized mankind and does not depend on political factors. Nor ought it to be affected by the views held with regard to the Communist experiment within the Soviet State, or by the achievements which characterize onq department or another of Russian life. As early as November 1920 I published a description of the situation in the former capital, St. Petersburg, where the population was suffering from famine, coupled with an appeal for help. In the spring of 1921, on returning from a long stay in Russia, I was one of the first to raise my voice and to point out, on the strength of personal observation, that millions of people in the Volga basin were in danger of famine. Later, when the extermination of the socalled kulaks began in Russia, I wrote to the press, and for the last two years, as Honorary Secretary of the Interconfessional and Inter national Vienna Relief Committee for the Russian Famine Areas, I have been trying to solve the problem of how to bring to the attention of the world the position of millions of innocent people who have been dying in vast numbers since the collectivization of agriculture began. The aim of this book is to make the truth known despite all obstacles, in order that adequate relief may be rendered, How does it come about that I have been dealing with this question for so long a time? This question must be answered in detail, since anyone attacking the question of the famine and the mortality it has caused during the last few years runs the risk of aspersion and denunciation, or at any rate is felt to be a disturber of the peace by many who are jpurstrog political and economic aims. I must therefore ask leave, before entering on my theme proper, to give a brief account of myself and my activities in this question. By good fortune I was able, in my student days, to visit almost every part of the vast Russian Empire, of which I was a national until the republic of Estonia was founded. In 1913 a journey of investigation took me into certain parts of the basins of the Volga and the Kama, where I had, in connection with a scientific thesis on which I was working, to study the position of the peasants as producers in the Russian grain trade. During this journey I had to cover hundreds of miles by sleigh in winter and by river in summerfor even today there are hardly any railways east of the Volga. This journey was a veritable revelation. The impression which I formed at that time in the villages of East Russia, in the provincial towns and in the great centres along the Volga, through immediate contact with the peasants, the boatmen, and the merchants, who owned dozens of vessels and an extensive system of branches on the various rivers, may be summed up thus.

Human Life in Russia

Ammende, Ewald

International Commission of Inquiry into the 1932-33 Famine in ukraine

Foundation to Commemorate the 1933 Ukrainian Famine

John T. Zubal

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