This book is the most extensive contribution to our understanding of the graffiti subculture to date. Using insights from ethnographic research conducted in London and New York, the author explores the varying ways young men use graffiti to construct masculinity, claim power and establish independence from the institutions which define and often limit them as young people. Forging a link between subcultural practice and identity construction, this book will be essential reading for anyone interested in new understandings of youth and their subcultures.

The Graffiti Subculture: Youth, Masculinity and Identity in London and New York

Arts & Photography

MacDonald, N.

History & Criticism

PALGRAVE~MACMILLAN

The use of computer algebra systems in science and engineering has grown rapidly as more people realize their potential to solve tedious and extensive mathematical problems. REDUCE for Physicists provides a comprehensive introduction to one of the most widely available and simple to use computer algebra systems, focusing primarily on the needs of physicists. As a means of performing symbolic computation, REDUCE reduces tedious manual algebraic calculations and the dangers of casual errors. Each chapter introduces some aspects of REDUCE and illustrates them with applications from various branches of physics including mechanics, dynamics, dimensional analysis, quantum mechanics, and plasma physics. Emphasizing hands-on work with REDUCE to tackle real physical problems, the book includes exercises to test understanding throughout. Students and researchers in the physical sciences and engineering using REDUCE for the first time will find this book an invaluable aid to learning.

REDUCE for Physicists

Science & Math

Physics

CRC-Press

In many biological models it is necessary to allow the rates of change of the variables to depend on the past history, rather than only the current values, of the variables. The models may require discrete lags, with the use of delay-differential equations, or distributed lags, with the use of integro-differential equations. In these lecture notes I discuss the reasons for including lags, especially distributed lags, in biological models. These reasons may be inherent in the system studied, or may be the result of simplifying assumptions made in the model used. I examine some of the techniques available for studying the solution of the equations. A large proportion of the material presented relates to a special method that can be applied to a particular class of distributed lags. This method uses an extended set of ordinary differential equations. I examine the local stability of equilibrium points, and the existence and frequency of periodic solutions. I discuss the qualitative effects of lags, and how these differ according to the choice of discrete or distributed lag. The models studied are drawn from the population dynamiCS of single species (logistic growth, the chemostat) and of interacting pairs of species (predation, mutualism), from cell population dynamiCS (haemopoiesis) and from biochemical kinetics (the Goodwin oscillator). The last chapter is devoted to a population model employing difference equations. All these models include non-linear terms.

Time Lags in Biological Models (Lecture Notes in Biomathematics ; 27)

Mathematics

Springer, Verlag

Trees and Networks in Biological Models

Biological Sciences

wiley

Biological Delay Systems: Linear Stability Theory (Cambridge Studies in Mathematical Biology, Series Number 9)

In studying the dynamics of populations, whether of animals, plants or cells, it is crucial to allow for intrinsic delays, due to such things as gestation, maturation or transport. This book is concerned with one of the fundamental questions in the analysis of the effect of delays, namely determining whether they effect the stability of steady states. The analysis is presented for one or two such delays treated both as discrete, where an event which occurred at a precise time in the past has an effect now, and distributed, where the delay is averaged over the population's history. Both of these types occur in biological contexts. The method used to tackle these questions is linear stability analysis which leads to an understanding of the local stability. By avoiding global questions, the author has kept the mathematical prerequisites to a minimum, essentially advanced calculus and ordinary differential equations.

Cambridge University Press

In studying the dynamics of populations, whether of animals, plants or cells, it is crucial to allow for intrinsic delays, due to such things as gestation, maturation or transport. This book is concerned with one of the fundamental questions in the analysis of the effect of delays, namely determining whether they effect the stability of steady states. The analysis is presented for one or two such delays treated both as discrete, where an event which occurred at a precise time in the past has an effect now, and distributed, where the delay is averaged over the population's history. Both of these types occur in biological contexts. The method used to tackle these questions is linear stability analysis which leads to an understanding of the local stability. By avoiding global questions, the author has kept the mathematical prerequisites to a minimum, essentially advanced calculus and ordinary differential equations.

Time Lags in Biological Models (Lecture Notes in Biomathematics, 27)

Springer

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