<p>As outspoken in his day as Richard Dawkins or Christopher Hitchens are today, American freethinker and author ROBERT GREEN INGERSOLL (1833-1899) was a notorious radical whose uncompromising views on religion and slavery (they were bad, in his opinion), women's suffrage (a good idea, he believed), and other contentious matters of his era made him a wildly popular orator and critic of 19th-century American culture and public life. As a speaker dedicated to expanding intellectual horizons and celebrating the value of skepticism, Ingersoll spoke frequently on such topics as atheism, freedom from the pressures of conformity, and the lives of philosophers who espoused such concepts. This collection of his most famous speeches includes the lectures: [ "The Gods" (1872) [ "Humboldt" (1869) [ "Thomas Paine" (1870) [ "Individuality" (1873) [ "Heretics and Heresies" (1874)</p>

Refractive index, absorption, wave length, rotatory power, in relation to molecular structure

Ludwik], [Silberstein

History

BiblioLife

Excerpt from Simplified Method of Tracing Rays: Through Any Optical System of Lenses, Prisms, and MirrorsThe aim of the present volume is to set forth a method of treating the geometrical optics of any given system intrinsically that is to say, without introducing any artificial scaffolding and, therefore, without any arbitrary splitting of the entities involved in the problem of tracing a luminous ray through the several surfaces of a system. The resultant formulae, in vector language, of course, as the only appropriate means of intrinsic expression, will then be free of any unnecessary elements, and therefore, if finally translated into any set of scalar formulae for the practical use of the numerical computer, will contain no superfluous, geometrical or arithmetical, complications.Our purpose is not to treat the whole subject of geometrical optics, but exclusively, or almost so, that part of it which is called by the short name of "ray tracing." This is notoriously the most laborious part of the computers patient work, and becomes, without question, a formidable task when he has to deal with skew rays and non-centred systems. The problem thus limited can be put shortly: - Given the ray incident upon any system of lenses, mirrors, and prisms, find the emergent ray.The advantages of the vectorial method of resolving it must not be judged by the conspicuous shortness of the resultant formulae alone, but also by the simplicity of their deduction, as compared with the usual method, and by the facility of recalling the formulae, or of reconstructing them if forgotten. Again, the nature of the proposed method is such as to make the help of drawings which, especially in the case of skew rays, become, in the best standard treatises, exceedingly complicated - almost superfluous. This circumstance will be particularly welcome to readers who are not endowed with strong visualising powers.About the PublisherForgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.comThis book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Simplified Method of Tracing Rays: Through Any Optical System of Lenses, Prisms, and Mirrors (Classic Reprint)

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Physics

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