From the Introduction by Lowell J. Bean:An apparent dichotomy exists in scientific circles concerning the role of religion and belief systems and a similar dichotomy exists among anthropological theorists. Two assumptions seem to prevail: ritual and world view are more ecologically nonadaptive than adaptive; or ritual and world view are more ecologically adaptive than they are nonadaptive. To examine the relevancy of the opposing theoretical views I will develop hypotheses concerning a particular culture, the Cahuilla Indians of Southern California, which will be used as a test case. I will present two sets of hypotheses which logically follow from each of the assumptions. From the first assumption I suggest that the economic needs of society are impeded by ritual actions which are not only wasteful of productive goods but decrease the production of goods; they take people away from productive activities because of ritual obligations: and . from the second I suggest that the economic needs of society are impeded by normative and existential postulates (for definition see page 16o) which indicate that valuable resources are outside the realm of the economic order; these postulates are disruptive to the production of goods by encouraging people to behave in such a way that they are taken away from productive activity. From this latter viewpoint two other hypotheses follow: the ecoiwmic needs of society are facilitated by ritual action which conserves and increases the production of goods and fosters productive activity by directing personnel toward producing activities; and the economic needs of society are facilitated by normative and existential postulates which foster the use of valuable economic resources and increase the productive process by directing behavior which involves people in productive activities. The validity of the hypotheses will be tested by asking specific questions related to the hypotheses. The questions are:Were goods wasted because of ritual action? Did ritual action take people away from productive activities or did it direct people to produce more goods? Were valuable resources placed outside the realm of economic order by existential postulates? Did normative postulates disrupt the production of goods by rewarding behavior which took people away from productive activity? Or did it reward behavior which fostered the production of goods? Additional questions are: Did ritual and world view encourage the full and rational use of the Cahuilla environment? Did ritual and world view aid in adjusting man-land ratios? Did ritual and world view support a social structure and organization which was adaptive to an environmental base? Did ritual and world view support institutions that were adaptive, such as law, property concepts, warfare, and games? Did ritual and world view have regulatory functions? Did ritual and world view stimulate or facilitate the distribution of economic goods from one part of the system to another? Did ritual and world view limit the frequency and extent of conflict over valuable resources?

Mukat's People: The Cahuilla Indians of Southern California

History

Lowell John Bean

Americas

University of California Press

This is a book that invites the reader to go on a treasure hunt a hunt through our public "attics" in search of the treasures of history, language, wisdom, and art that derived from the many and varied cultures of California Indians. The hunt will lead to museums, libraries, and archives; through cities, villages, and national parks; it will serve as an introduction to the stories and songs, paintings and photographs, clothing and jewelry, skills and crafts, and literature and history of the Indians of Southern California. Teachers in California schools will find it a sourcebook for ideas, since it lists the resources on Indians by California counties in an easily accessible manner. Students and scholars of all levels will find it irreplaceable as an outline, a planner, and a tour guide of Native California.An invaluable volume for anyone studying the ethnography and ethnohistory of Native Californians. After an introductory chapter on how to access and use primary resources, the holdings of libraries, museums, and archives are presented first by California counties in alphabetical order, then by states, and finally by countries.

California Indians: Primary resources : a guide to manuscripts, artifacts, documents, serials, music, and illustrations (Ballena Press anthropological papers ; no. 7)

Reference

Sylvia Brakke Vane

Writing, Research & Publishing Guides

Ballena Press

This is a book that invites the reader to go on a treasure hunt a hunt through our public "attics" in search of the treasures of history, language, wisdom, and art that derived from the many and varied cultures of California Indians. The hunt will lead to museums, libraries, and archives; through cities, villages, and national parks; it will serve as an introduction to the stories and songs, paintings and photographs, clothing and jewelry, skills and crafts, and literature and history of the Indians of Southern California. Teachers in California schools will find it a sourcebook for ideas, since it lists the resources on Indians by California counties in an easily accessible manner. Students and scholars of all levels will find it irreplaceable as an outline, a planner, and a tour guide of Native California. An invaluable volume for anyone studying the ethnography and ethnohistory of Native Californians. After an introductory chapter on how to access and use primary resources, the holdings of libraries, museums, and archives are presented first by California counties in alphabetical order, then by states, and finally by countries.

California Indians: Primary Resources : A Guide to Manuscripts, Artifacts, Documents, Serials, Music, and Illustrations (Formerly Ballena Press , No. 36)

Lee Davis

Joan Berman

Malki-Ballena Press

Articles from ethnographers, a linguist, and Native Americans, all addressed to the topic of Native California shamanism in traditional times and in the present. A feast for the scholar or layman interested in the cross-cultural study of religion; in California Indians; or in the beginnings of art, music, and literature. Ken Hedges of the San Diego Museum of Man, for example, discusses the shamanistic aspects of California s remarkable rock art; Craig Bates of the museum on Yosemite National Park writes of Sierra Miwok shamans in the 20th century; Dorothea Theodoratus and Wintu scholar and artist Frank LaPena present examples of shamanic art and poetry as it persists to the present day; Floyd Buckskin, an Ajumawi, discusses the conflict between New Age shamanism and traditional shamanism; and Jack Norton, a Hupa, discusses the shamanic tradition in northwestern California as it appears to a Native Californian. Seven of the papers presented at the 1990 Conference on Shamanism at California State University, Hayward.

California Indian Shamanism (Ballena Press Anthropological Papers)

Religion & Spirituality

Other Religions, Practices & Sacred Texts

Ballena Pr

This book remedies a long-standing wrong the neglect of the Indians of the San Francisco Bay Area in the published anthropological literature, and especially the all-too-common statement in that literature to the effect that the Ohlone (or Costanoans) have long been extinct. Here we have the living descendants of the people found here by the Spanish missionaries and explorers in the 1770s telling us how very much present they are in the 1990s, and what has been happening to them and their families through the two hundred and twenty some years since Fages and Crespi led their party up through the Santa Clara Valley to what are now Alameda and Contra Costa counties. The book begins with an account of that Fages/Crespi trip, with a map to show just where each encounter of Spaniards and Native Americans took place. Following that, archaeologists, ethnographers, historians, and Native Americans present papers bearing on the prehistory, culture, history, and present situation of the Ohlones of the San Francisco Bay region. Most of these papers were presented at the Ohlone Conference at California State University, Hayward in 1992.

The Ohlone Past and Present: Native Americans of the San Francisco Bay Region (Ballena Press Anthropological Papers ; No. 42)

This book remedies a long-standing wrong the neglect of the Indians of the San Francisco Bay Area in the published anthropological literature, and especially the all-too-common statement in that literature to the effect that the Ohlone (or Costanoans) have long been extinct. Here we have the living descendants of the people found here by the Spanish missionaries and explorers in the 1770s telling us how very much present they are in the 1990s, and what has been happening to them and their families through the two hundred and twenty some years since Fages and Crespi led their party up through the Santa Clara Valley to what are now Alameda and Contra Costa counties. The book begins with an account of that Fages/Crespi trip, with a map to show just where each encounter of Spaniards and Native Americans took place. Following that, archaeologists, ethnographers, historians, and Native Americans present papers bearing on the prehistory, culture, history, and present situation of the Ohlones of the San Francisco Bay region. Most of these papers were presented at the Ohlone Conference at California State University, Hayward in 1992.

The Ohlone Past and Present: Native Americans of the San Francisco Bay Region (Ballena Press Anthropological Papers)

Temalpakh [Cahuilla for From the Earth ] represents more than ten years of meticulous field work and collaboration by the authors on knowledge and usage of plants among Cahuilla Indians. The work extends our understanding of Cahuilla use of plants far beyond the scope encompassed by David Prescott Barrows in his pioneer monograph Ethnobotany of the Cahuilla Indians of Southern California, published in 1900. The studies of Bean and Sauvel reveal the high degree of sophisticated knowledge possessed by the Cahuilla concerning plant life, suggest the acuteness of their ecological awareness, and have implications of considerable significance for southern California Indian research as a whole. This new ethnobotany for the Cahuilla covers more than 250 plants and the often fascinating ways in which they were utilized. Additional supplementary material examines the controversial issue of aboriginal agriculture in southern California. Indian people, laymen, and scholars may all profit from and enjoy reading a book that is certain to become a classic in its field. This is still the authoritative work on ethnobotany in Southern California.

Temalpakh: Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants

Katherine Siva Saubel

Malki Museum Press

From Time Immemorial The Traditional Ways and History of the Memebers of the Agua Caliente Indian Reservation

Agua Caliente Press

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Books by Lowell John Bean