After three years of indecisive but bloody war, guns lay silent in the Chaco Boreal in June 1935. Fifty years of bickering between Bolivia, a landlocked country seeking a river exit to the sea, and Paraguay, a land-hungry country seeking territorial aggrandizement and supposed mineral wealth, had culminated in open warfare in June 1932. By 1935 the antagonists, near exhaustion, finally agreed to discuss their differences. Leslie B. Rout, Jr., examines three facets of the dispute and the inter-American peace conference that settled it. He analyzes the futile diplomatic efforts to prevent the outbreak of hostilities, discusses the diplomatic initiatives that culminated in the June cease-fire, and describes the frustrating but ultimately successful diplomatic struggle that produced a definitive settlement. By enumerating the problems and progress of the peace conference, Rout demonstrates that, despite occasions of open diplomacy, it was through secret negotiation that agreement was finally attained. He concludes that, although the negotiators betrayed unabashed cynicism, violated stated Pan-American ideals, and disregarded the "troublesome" terms of the June 1935 cease-fire, they deserve praise. Had the mediators failed to produce a viable solution in July 1938, the peace conference would have collapsed, renewed warfare would have resulted—and the neighboring powers inevitably would have become involved. Given this potential catastrophe, the mediators had to solve the diplomatic problems by the means available.

Politics of the Chaco Peace Conference, 1935-1939 (Latin American Monographs, No. 19)

History

Leslie B. Rout, Jr.

Americas

University of Texas Press

World War II was fought on many fronts and with many weapons. One of the most intriguing struggles..the intelligence war between Germany and the U.S. in Latin America... is also one of the least understood. Now, Leslie Rout and John Bratzel, experts in the the intelligence history of Latin America, detail this secret war of espionage and counterespionage in 'The Shadow War,' a vivid account of clandestine intelligence operations in Mexico, Chile, Brazil, and Argentina during World War II. More than just a record of intelligence activities, 'The Shadow War,' examines the historical background and diplomatic context, the personalities and organizational rivalry, and the hemispheric and global stakes of this secret struggle.

The Shadow War: German Espionage and United States Counterespionage in Latin America during World War II

John F. Bratzel

University Publications Of America

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